NUTR 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Proteolysis, B Vitamins, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Document Summary
Small compounds are converted into larger compounds. Glucose, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino acids are building blocks. Results in energy, water, and carbon dioxide. 2nd stage: convert building blocks into smaller molecules. 3rd stage: metabolism of acetyl-coa to carbon dioxide and forming atp. Atp is used for pumping ions across membranes. The 3 phosphate groups have high energy bonds between them. If we break them down, energy is released. If we bind them, energy is used. Hydrolysis of atp yields energy, adp, and a free phosphate group. Hydrolysis of adp yields energy, amp, and a free phosphate group. Oxidation: loss of electrons or hydrogen ions and gain of oxygen. Reduction: gain of electrons and loss of oxygen. Electrons are negatively charged so when there"s a surplus, it"s reduced. Oxidation and reduction are controlled by enzymes. We need oxygen to make glucose and we need glucose to make oxygen. Breakdown of molecules to form atp; oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
