LIFE 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Electronegativity, Pi Bond, Adenine
Document Summary
Catabolic pathways-releasing energy, breaking down complex molecules: cellular respiration, harvest energy from bonds (electrons) in food. Anabolic pathways-consume energy, build complex molecules, synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Forms of energy: potential-diver at the top of the platform, thermal-hitting the water, releasing energy as heat, kinetic-diving off the board, chemical, organisms are islands of low entropy in an increasingly random universe! Biological order/disorder: cells create ordered structures (anabolic, organisms alter matter and energy to less ordered forms (catabolic, energy flows in as light and exits as heat. Are chemical reactions at equilibrium in living cells: no. Thermodynamics-laws of energy transformation: energy of universe is constant, first law of thermodynamics. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed (kinetic, heat, potential, chemical: second law of thermodynamics. Every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe. To occur spontaneously, processes occur without energy input to occur spontaneously, it must increase disorder of the universe.
