GCD 3022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Allosome

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taupeyellowjacket569

9 Mar 2018

School

UMN

Department

Genetics, Cell Biol/Development

Course

GCD 3022

Professor

Naoka Shima

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Document Summary

Chromosomes are structures that contain genetic material, which is dna. Prokaryotic cells are simple and lack cell compartmentalization, whereas eukaryotic cells contain a cell nucleus and other compartments. Chromosomes can be examined under the microscope. An organized representation of the chromosomes from a single cell is called a karyotype. In eukaryotic species, the chromosomes are found in sets. Eukaryotic cells are often diploid, which means that each type of chromosome occurs in a homologous pair. To divide, eukaryotic cells progress through a cell cycle. Prior to cell division, eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated to form sister chromatids. Chromosome sorting in eukaryotes is achieved via a spindle apparatus. A common way for eukaryotic cells to divide is by mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is divided into prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Another way for eukaryotic cells to divide is via meiosis, which produces four haploid cells. During prophase of meiosis i, homologs synapse and crossing over may occur.

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

If the diploid chromosome number is 12, each cell has as 6 x 10 -6 grms of DNA, how many chromosomes, chromatids and DNA would you find in the following stages of cell division of a cell. (Assume cytokinesis after anaphase)

Stage of Cell Division	# of Chromosomes	# of chromatids	Amount of DNA
Prophase of mitosis
Prophase of meiosis I
Metaphase of mitosis
Anaphase of mitosis
Metaphase of meiosis I
Anaphase of meiosis I
Telophase of mitosis
Telophase of meiosis I
Metaphase of meiosis II
Telophase of meiosis II

turquoisecrow717

Question 1 (2 points)

In which phase of cell division is marked by the dissolution of the nuclear membrane, the condensation of chromosomes, and the formation of the mitotic spindle?

Question 1 options:

	prophase
	metaphase
	telophase
	anaphase

Question 2 (2 points)

The physical separation of cells during cell division is called:

Question 2 options:

	Cytokinesis
	Telophase
	Interphase
	Chromosome
	Cell plate

Question 3 (2 points)

Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction; the gametes formed during this process before fertilization are _______________.

Question 3 options:

	Haploid
	Diploid
	Zygote
	Homologous
	Tetrads

Question 4 (2 points)

Mitosis is the process by which a ___________ cell separates the chromosomes in its nucleus into two identical sets of nuclei.

Question 4 options:

	eukaryotic
	prokaryotic
	bacterial
	all of these are correct

Question 5 (2 points)

Which of the following statements about crossing over is INCORRECT?

Question 5 options:

	It occurs between homologous chromosomes
	It allows for two parents to produce many different types of offspring
	It contributes to genetic diversity in a population
	It occurs during prophase I of mitosis

GCD 3022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Allosome

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