BIOL 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Van Der Waals Radius, Rudolf Virchow, Ultracentrifuge
Document Summary
Cell theory: all life forms made from one or more cells, cell is smallest form of life (rudolf virchow, every cell originates from pre-existing cell. Special about chemistry of life: carbon based (organic, polymer (macromolecule) based, most reaction occur in aqeous solution, complex, tightly regulated. Atoms: size, van der waals radius is cloud of orbiting electrons. Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic: hydrophilic: easily dissolve in water, ionic substances, polar substances (easily form hydrogen bonds w/water, hydrophobic: insoluble in water, hydrocarbons (nonpolar), many c-h bonds. Bond strengths: covalent: 90 kcal/mole in water, breakage of covalent bonds require enzymes, noncovalent ionic: 3 kcal/mole in water, noncovalent hydrogen: 1 kcal/mole. Sugars: provide energy source/storage, mechanical support, modifications of macromolecules, polar molecules, formed by condensation reaction and makes glyosidic bonds, oligosaccharides are short chains, polysaccharides are long chains, glucose is monosaccharide. Fatty acids: building blocks of phospholipids, food reserves in cells, components of membranes, phospholipid major component of cell membranes (hydrocarbon tails and hydrophilic head)
