GEOLOGY 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Covalent Bond, Surface Tension, Perspiration

• School: UMASS-Amherst
• Department: Geology
• Course: GEOLOGY 103
• Professor: Stephen Burns

Document Summary

Ocean salinity: iconic salt concentration in sea water. 2 hydrogen atoms: proton, 1 electron in orbit around the nucleus. 1 oxygen atom: 8 protons + 8 electrons, 8 electrons in orbit around the nucleus two filling in the inner six filling out the outer. H atoms are bonded at 105 to o atom. The water molecules are being held together by strong covalent bond- electrons shared between atoms. Relatively weak electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ends of adjacent water molecules. The dipolar structure of water molecule and the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for many of unique properties of water. Energy is required to break hydrogen bonds, and energy is released when they form. Water uniquely forms in the chemical states in earth surface conditions. Water has a high surface tension due to hydrogen bonds. Water is a good solvent (dipolar structure weakens attraction between other molecules.