MIDEAST 207 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Umayyad Caliphate, Temple Mount, Al-Isra
24 Dec 2018
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Abd al malik follows footsteps of david & constantinople by centralizing political power thru a religious center in jerusalem. Mideast still thrives, byzantines still live there but lacks governing system b/c. Byzantine law no longer in place islamic conquerors rape / pillage / etc. conquered. Pact of omar : order & hierarchy , written in jerusalem. Dhimmi = protected minorities : freedom of religion , only christians & Jews protected legally can bring violations to court. Dhimmi = inferior : cannot ride horse, pay extra tax for protection, etc. After 4th caliph: 2 actions regarding succession. Fatima - claims caliphate should be familial dynasty established it: leaders vote for next caliph. Shiah party : ali - cousin of muhammad, married to muhammad"s daughter. Sunna the way : muslim elites believe caliphate should remain as muhammad. Civil war (665 - 661) sunnis victorious establish umayyad dynasty (661 - 750) Religious capital = mecca & medina in arabian peninsula.
