BIOL 3305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Magic 2Ch, Ketone, Alkylation
Document Summary
The carbonyl group is of central importance in organic chemistry because of its ubiquity. Without studying the carbonyl group in depth we have already encountered numerous examples of this functional group (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acid chlorides, etc). The simplest carbonyl compounds are aldehydes and ketone. A ketone has two alkyl (or aryl) groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon. An aldehyde has one alkyl (or aryl) group and one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon. The carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized, and has a partially filled unhybridized p orbital perpendicular to the framework. The oxygen is also sp2 hybridized, with the 2 lone pairs occupying sp2 orbitals. This leaves one electron in a p orbital. These p orbitals from the carbon oxygen bond. The c=o double bond is like a c=c double bond except the carbonyl double bond is shorter and stronger. The carbonyl group has a large dipole moment due to the polarity of the double bond.
