BSC 2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel, Axon Hillock, Electrical Synapse

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cyanprairie-dog5

25 Oct 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Biology - Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 2011

Professor

Norman Douglas, Nicole Gerlach, Todd Palmer

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Document Summary

Nervous systems have 2 categories of cells: neurons- generate and transmit electrical signals (action potentials) Dendrites- short branching projections off cell body. Axon- transmits signals to other cells, unbranched until the end: axon hillock- where signals are generated; at base of axon, axon terminal- location of cell communication, forms synapses where they communicate with other neurons. Synapses- gap where 2 neurons (or a neuron and a muscle cell) communicate. Neurotransmitters- cross the synapse to transmit signal. Afferent (sensory) neurons- related to sense organs. Efferent (motor) neurons- send signals from central nervous. Interneurons system to the muscles and cause them to contract. Have membrane potential- difference in electrical charge across cell membrane. Action potential- sudden large change in the membrane potential: steps. Rising potential- voltage gated na channel activation gates open. Falling phase- voltage gated k+ channels open, na channel gate close. Refractory period- cell cannot respond to another depolarizing stimulus while na+ channels are inactive: travels along the axon.

Related Questions

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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BSC 2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel, Axon Hillock, Electrical Synapse

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