PSYC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: 18 Months, Self-Awareness, Organic Chemistry
Exam 3 foundation of emotional and social
Some milestones
- Positive emotion
o Reflexive smile in the 1st month
o 2months smiling after controlling events
▪ e.g. foot kick
negative emotions
- 1st general distress
- by 7 months have fear
o stranger anxiety and peaks around age 2
- 8 months separation anxiety
social referencing
- clues to how to feel and act in uncertain situation
o she said hat happeed he thee’s uusual sell i the oo hat do e do -> you
will look at others
- use other to figure out what is okay and what is not
- by 12 months wariness
o video: social referencing -> othe’s faial epessio gae a lue to the a ad the
bb figure out he should not come across (behavior change when mama smile to show
that its ok to come across) -the visual cliff-
- events of social referencing:
o first bday parties -> candle being lit and ppl are singing ->they think its weird
o strangers -> bb look to other ppl/parents to see if this stranger is ok ->bb get more
nervous when the parent show nervous
o minor injuries -> if they injured they will look up for reference -> if you upset /worried
about your bb the bb will think its bad too
o insects -> children are curious on insects but if on gray zone the paet’s reaction also
affect it
o >> she said about her son near the electric socket and shes anxious but it makes her son
wanna do more
o > neg emotion has stronger influence compared to pos emotion on the children
▪ smile maybe more common place
Self awareness by 18 months
- by mirror self recognition
- how to test this idea whether they know its them or not?
o Video: put lipstick on their nose and see if they recognize themselves// 18 month emma
recognize herself by pointing her own nose for the lipstick
- How is this ^ maybe not a good test?
o Some kid may not care about how they look to others
- Around 18 months
o See concern with standards
▪ Upset if missing button or sth is dirty
▪ Wanna do things by themselves
o Parents get more difficult at this time coz they wanna do things all by themselves // but
they cant manage
o Her story on babysitting and pointing out her house is dirty
o have self-conscious emotion
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▪ pride : give credit to yourself
▪ eaasset : ost situatio ae thigs ou did og/ does’t ot hae to
be negative // some may just embarrassed coz they are the center of attention
▪ guilt and shame: when we feel bad sth we done // guilt> more empathy to
others, to undo what we have done// shame> more self-focused, you did
something and you wanna hide
o Cultural influences
▪ Collectivist cultures: pride discouraged for individual achievement (e.g. US
individualism is ok; but other cultures may not)
• She gave example of job interview
• ^^ this idea is related to norms
• ^^^parent promote shame and guilt
Temperament: Biological based individual differences (baby personalities)
- early system of Thomas n Chess
o they said different bbs are different
o classification: easy bb (pos emotion), difficult bb (lots of neg emotion), slow to warm up
bb (have to adjust)
- recent classifications: specific dimensions
o fearful distress/inhibitions
▪ you pull back // shyness
o irritable distress
▪ neg emotion
▪ overall tendency to be angry
▪ he ou do’t get hat ou at
o attention span and persistence
▪ how easy for you to focus on long period of time
o activity lv
▪ how much you move around
o positive affect/approach
▪ how much you have pos emotion and approach things instead of avoiding
o rthymicity
▪ how you get on schedule
Temperament findings
- mono twins have more similarities than dizygotic
- little or not resemblance to adoptive (more nature)
- can be predicts behavior problems
o fearful inhibition (higher lv.) > more anxiety in the future
o fearful inhibition (lower lv.) > conduct disorder in the future
- can be goodness of fit effect
o infant characteristic can be problem for some family and maybe some may not
o difficult parenting: larger parenting effects
▪ calm parenting helps more with child n irritable distress
o How might temperament affect parenting?
▪ Child irritable it makes parent bad and hide at home // so bb missed a lot of
socialization with the world
Controlling emotion and behaviors
Key skill set: executive control
- E.g. her frd ruined his life and punched his gf ((emotional control important)
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- E.g. control emotion to function of the world / survive (you mad at your boss but you still gotta
control your behavior)
- Examples of Failure in emotional control
- executive control
o for goal directed action
o which things get priority
o involves mental flexibility
▪ able to switch based on priority
o Video of executive control: card games and see if the 3yr old kid can sort the card and
tell him the rule (by shape)// later change the rule by color -> they failed to get the
correct answer // hard time in breaking up habit
o 3 components: Inhibitory control; working memory; cognitive flexibility
▪ inhibi: resist temptation
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o it predicts:
▪ academic performance
▪ mental and physical health
o they tend to gain by practice -> stretch yourself to get better and better (e.g. traditional
martial arts training)
o video of control behavior: mean monkey study -> mean monkey chooses first and
always want the sticker the kid wants and let the kid deceive the monkey of which
sticker do they really want; the kid never figures out how to fool the monkey // the
other kid figured out (they learning to lie)
▪ ^maybe younger child obey the adult to not to lie
▪ she talks about her study and found when kid know how to lie improves their
executive control
▪ ^^control behavior help you how to lie
o Video of peeking: no peeking study and guess what the animal Is and place the animal
when the experimenter left -> see if the kid peek or not and they all lie when the
experimenter asks
▪ ^ one of the way to study lying; both peeking and lying require executive control
▪ when you tell the child your smart they are more likely to cheat
o video of modesty: Chinese white lies (modesty lies), you should not take credit for
things you did good -> evaluate whether children understand the nature of modesty lie -
> ask the kid about the story of janejane whether picking up trash / then lie is good or
not -> then ask parent again -> later it turned into action when the kid in the room and
she secretly clean up the floor and lie to the principle that she did;;;; then the same
experiment perform in the Toronto -> the kid admit that they clean up the trash -> but
for the modesty story of Jenny clean up -> the kid said Jenny is bad coz she lied -> the
parent thinks the same thing too
▪ ^ when they get to 11 yrs old therere huge cultural differences
▪ ^culture tell you when you should lie
▪ ^ setting on China and Canada is different
- Managing emotions
o Cope with neg emotion and have strategies
▪ Self-soothing and distraction: sucking thumb; look away
▪ Seek out support: run over to your mother and daddy and as older you seek out
help in other ways
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Document Summary
Positive emotion: reflexive smile in the 1st month, 2months smiling after controlling events, e. g. foot kick negative emotions. By 7 months have fear: stranger anxiety and peaks around age 2. 8 months separation anxiety social referencing clues to how to feel and act in uncertain situation: she said (cid:449)hat happe(cid:374)ed (cid:449)he(cid:374) the(cid:396)e"s u(cid:374)usual s(cid:373)ell i(cid:374) the (cid:396)oo(cid:373) (cid:449)hat do (cid:449)e do -> you will look at others. Use other to figure out what is okay and what is not. How to test this idea whether they know its them or not: video: put lipstick on their nose and see if they recognize themselves// 18 month emma recognize herself by pointing her own nose for the lipstick. How is this ^ maybe not a good test: some kid may not care about how they look to others. Mono twins have more similarities than dizygotic little or not resemblance to adoptive (more nature) can be predicts behavior problems fearful inhibition (higher lv. )
