PSYC 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Classical Conditioning, Paracetamol, Solitary Confinement
Document Summary
Motivation is defined as need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. There are different psychological theories that explain how motivation works. All theories of (cid:373)oti(cid:448)atio(cid:374) e(cid:454)a(cid:373)i(cid:374)es the (cid:862)push(cid:863) of (cid:271)iologi(cid:272)al pro(cid:272)esses a(cid:374)d the (cid:862)pull(cid:863) of culture, social forces, and ideals. Instinct: fixed (rigid and predictable) pattern of behavior that is not acquired by learning and is likely to be rooted in genes and the body. Human babies show certain reflexes, but in general, our behavior is less prescribed by genetics than other animals. We may, however, have general patterns of behavior, which can be explained as emerging through natural selection. Instinct theory has given way to evolutionary theory in explaining human theory. Evolutionary theory: instead of instincts (set pattern of behavior) evolutionary theory deals in predispositions and probabilities. Behavior that aids in an organism surviving and reproducing are more likely to be passed on to later generations. Natural selection acts on genes (genotype) expressed in particular circumstances (phenotype)
