ANTH 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Marcel Mauss, Nationstates, Barter
Document Summary
Substantivism: actual transactions people engage into get what they need/want- shaped & embedded by non-market social institutions (i. e. state, religious beliefs & kinship relations)- value is relative, created by certain cultures & social institutions. Modern nation-states in europe led to capitalism. Individuals pursue their own self-interest in the market using reason to maximize satisfaction. World"s fi(cid:374)ite (cid:894)li(cid:373)ited(cid:895) resour(cid:272)es + people"s u(cid:374)li(cid:373)ited desires= competition among individuals. Substantive economics: daily transactions people actually engage in to get (cid:449)hat they (cid:374)eed/(cid:449)a(cid:374)t (cid:894)(cid:862)su(cid:271)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:863) of e(cid:272)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)y(cid:895) Redistribution: redivision of goods to members in a community. Marxism: private ownership of the means of production & division of labor produces wealth for a few & inequality for the masses (capitalism)- selling labor. Urplus (cid:448)alue: diff (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) (cid:449)hat"s produ(cid:272)ed & (cid:449)hat"s (cid:374)e(cid:272)essary for sur(cid:448)i(cid:448)al (cid:449)orkers (cid:272)reate greater output tha(cid:374) they get paid. Means of production: machines & infrastructure required to produce the widge.
