PSYCH 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lobotomy, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe
1/17/18 Neuroscience and Behavior
- Phineas Gage: had a 3ft rod shot through his cheek and left brain and survived
o Brain relates to behavior
o Localization of function
- Copass poits o the rai
o Dorsal – to the top
o Ventral – towards the bottom
o Anterior – towards the front
o Posterior – towards the back
- Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
- Hindbrain
o Cerebellum: fine motor skills
▪ Looks like a small brain
o Medulla: heart rate, circulation, breathing
o Reticular formation: sleep/wakefulness, arousal
o Pons: connects to the rest of the brain
- Midbrain
o Orienting in response to the stimuli
o Visual information circuits through this
- Forebrain: subcortical structures and cortex
o Subcortical structures
▪ Limbic system: emotion/motivation/memory
▪ Basal ganglia: intentional movement
o Cortex
▪ Frontal lobe: planning, decision making, speaking (includes primary motor cortex)
▪ Parietal lobe: sensory input for touch and position (includes primary somatosensory
cortex)
▪ Occipital lobe: receives visual information
▪ Temporal lobe: auditory processing language
o Prefrontal cortex: Phineas Gage – his accident caused damage to his frontal lobes which led to
major personality changes
o Lobotomy: a form of surgery that deliberately damages the prefrontal cortex
o Motor cortex: cortical representation of inforatio are weighted iportae
o “oatosesor orte: ortial represetatios of iforatio are weighted iportae
▪ Sensitivity to touch
- Right brained or left brained?
o In typical people, hemispheres highly connected by the corpus callosum
o Largel setri, ut there is soe lateralizatio
o Contralateral organization – left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and vice versa
- Split brain: the corpus callous is cut in surgery
o Done in an attempt to calm epileptic seizures
o Look at the photo of the experiment and explain in notes
- Plasticity
o Brain can change as a result of experience or injury
o Decrease with age BUT neural connections are made throughout the life span
o Phantom limb: amputated arm or leg, can still feel pain in their phantom limb
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Document Summary
Hindbrain: cerebellum: fine motor skills, looks like a small brain, medulla: heart rate, circulation, breathing, reticular formation: sleep/wakefulness, arousal, pons: connects to the rest of the brain. Midbrain: orienting in response to the stimuli, visual information circuits through this. In typical people, hemispheres highly connected by the corpus callosum: largel(cid:455) s(cid:455)(cid:373)(cid:373)etri(cid:272), (cid:271)ut there is so(cid:373)e (cid:862)lateralizatio(cid:374)(cid:863, contralateral organization left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. Split brain: the corpus callous is cut in surgery: done in an attempt to calm epileptic seizures, look at the photo of the experiment and explain in notes.
