PHYSCI 107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Cardiac Output, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung Volumes
4 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Respiratory tracts conduits- filters warms humidifies respiration- site of gas exchange. Primary or type i pneumocytes: thinest squamous epithelium, alveolar microphages, surveillance and detritus removal type ii pneumocytes, produce surfactant. The blood air barrier of the alveoli-respiratory membrane: three layers, alveolar cell layer squamous epithelial cells lining the alveoli, capillary endothelium of adjacent capillary, fused basement membranes between alveolar and endothelial cells. Respiration includes two integrated processes: external respiration, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body fluids and external environment, meets respiratory demands of cells under various conditions. Internal respiration: absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by cells of the body. Inadequate oxygen concentrations: hypoxia, decline in tissue oxygen, metabolic activities become limited, because cells are oxygen-starved, anoxia, supply of oxygen cut off completely, cells die off quickly, damage from strokes or heart attacks are a result of anoxia.
