PCB 3703C Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Glycogenesis, Atp Synthase, Glycogen Synthase

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30 Apr 2016

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During cell respiration the oxygen uptakes glucose, breaks down into small pieces, then produces. The last molecule it uses is oxygen uptakes oxygen for atp and releases co2 into veinous system. Glycolysis (same as aerobic): breaking down of glucose by target cell. Glucose enters into target cell and breaks into two pyruvic acid. 4 hydrogen-two of them are reduced by nad and other two are in coenzyme when there is sufficient oxygen supply in the cell, pyruvic gets into the mitochondria. Same process for cell except deficiency of oxygen. Glucose goes into target cell and is split into 2 pyruvate. No sufficient oxygen supply to the tissue or cell. Myocardial: full of mitochondria for production of atp. Lactic acid increases in patient blood which is one of the positive signs for myocardial infunction. Check lactic acid if you think there is myocardial infraction.

Related Questions

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

QUESTION 1

Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?

	a.	Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
	b.	electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
	c.	Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
	d.	glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
	e.	electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis

1 points

QUESTION 2

Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?

	a.	2
	b.	34
	c.	36
	d.	6
	e.	12

1 points

QUESTION 3

The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?

	a.	Electron transport chain
	b.	Anaerobic respiration
	c.	Glycolysis
	d.	Krebs cycle
	e.	ATP-Synthase

1 points

QUESTION 4

The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH₂ to pump H⁺ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H⁺ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a FADH₂ molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.

	a.	three; two
	b.	three; three
	c.	two; two
	d.	two; three

1 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?

	a.	glucose, oxygen, ADP
	b.	ATP, carbon dioxide
	c.	oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
	d.	ATP, glucose, oxygen
	e.	glucose, ATP

1 points

QUESTION 6

What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?

	a.	NADH molecules
	b.	oxygen (O₂)
	c.	ATP
	d.	NADH and FADH₂ molecules
	e.	The H⁺ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space

1 points

QUESTION 7

Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 8

Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.

	a.	three; three
	b.	two; two
	c.	one; two
	d.	two; three
	e.	one; three

1 points

QUESTION 9

Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11

Glycolysis occurs:

	a.	on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.
	b.	in the cytosol.
	c.	in the inner-membrane space.
	d.	in the nucleus of the cell.
	e.	in the matrix of mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:

	a.	the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.
	b.	a buildup of lactic acid.
	c.	an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
	d.	the large amounts of CO₂ building up in the muscle.

1 points

QUESTION 13

A required reactant for glycolysis is:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	carbon dioxide.
	c.	oxygen.
	d.	NAD+.
	e.	mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 14

NADH is produced in all of the following except:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	the Krebs cycle.
	c.	glycolysis.

Question 1 Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).
True
False

Question 2 Glycolysis occurs:
a. in the matrix of mitochondria.
b. in the inner-membrane space.
c. in the cytosol.
d. in the nucleus of the cell.
e. on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.

Question 3 Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:
a. the large amounts of CO2 building up in the muscle.
b. an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
c. a buildup of lactic acid.
d. the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.

Question 4 Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.
a. two; three
b. two; two
c. three; three
d. one; three
e. one; two

Question 5 The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?
a. Glycolysis
b. Electron transport chain
c. Krebs cycle
d. Anaerobic respiration
e. ATP-Synthase

Question 6 NADH is produced in all of the following except:
a. the electron transport chain.
b. glycolysis.
c. the Krebs cycle.

Question 7 Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?
a. 36
b. 6
c. 12
d. 34
e. 2

Question 8 The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.
True
False

Question 9 What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?
a. The H+ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space
b. ATP
c. oxygen (O2)
d. NADH molecules
e. NADH and FADH2 molecules

Question 10 Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?
a. ATP, glucose, oxygen
b. ATP, carbon dioxide
c. oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
d. glucose, ATP
e. glucose, oxygen, ADP

Question 11 Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction. True False

Question 12 The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H+ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a FADH2 molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.
a. two; three
b. three; three
c. three; two
d. two; two

Question 13 Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
b. Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
c. electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis
d. electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
e. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport

Question 14 A required reactant for glycolysis is:
a. carbon dioxide.
b. mitochondria.
c. NAD+.
d. the electron transport chain.
e. oxygen.

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PCB 3703C Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Glycogenesis, Atp Synthase, Glycogen Synthase

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