HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Pus, Pulmonary Compliance, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Document Summary
Fibrotic lung disorders develop through immune-mediated pathways that follow an initial lung injury (pgs. Acute respiratory distress syndrome results from widespread pulmonary inflammation with pulmonary edema, atelectasis, and fibrosis. Similarly, infant respiratory distress syndrome, caused by a lack of surfactant, results in high alveolar surface tension and leakage of inflammatory exudates into the alveoli with the formation of hyaline membranes (fibrosis) (pgs. Accumulations of air, pus, blood, lymph, or transudate in the pleural space can restrict lung expansion and decrease oxygenation. When pleural air progressively accumulates, it can lead to positive pressure in the pleura, resulting in tension pneumothorax (pgs. Neuromuscular disorders associated with reduced lung compliance include poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophies, guillain-barr syndrome, and myasthenia gravis (pg. Tuberculosis is caused by inhalation or ingestion of the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. The organisms spread through the lymph and blood, where they are ingested by macrophages and walled off by inflammatory proteins.
