HSC 3537 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Progressive Disease, Monoclonal Antibody, Bone Marrow Examination
Document Summary
Cancer: characterized by unrestrained and excessive growth of cells. Malignant tumors: compress, invade, and destroy surrounding tissues. Characteristics of tumors: neoplasms (tumors): growths that arise from normal tissue, malignant. What causes cancer: carcinogenesis: transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one, damage to genetic material, genes, nucleotides, mutation, apoptosis. Oncogenes (ras/colon cancer, myc/lymphoma, and bcr-abl/chronic myelogenous leukemia: heredity. Carcinomas: epithelial cell origins, 90% of all malignancies are carcinomas. Sarcomas: connective tissue origin, 5% of all malignancies. Mixed tissue tumors: tissues capable of differentiating into epithelial and connective tissue. Microscopic: alveolar, carcinoma in situ, diffuse, dysplastic, epidermoid. Grade: degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope. Cancer treatment: radiation therapy (radiation oncology: brachytherapy, electron beams, external beam radiation (teletherapy) Proton therapy: radiocurable tumor, radioresistant tumor, radiosensitive tumor, radiosensitizers. Infertility (inability to contribute to conception of a child: mucositis (inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes, myelosuppression (bone marrow depression, nausea and vomiting.
