PHYS 005 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Red Giant, Stellar Black Hole, G-Type Main-Sequence Star
4 Jul 2018
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Lecture 1 4/02
Intro
Galaxies formed 14 billion years ago
●Yellow galaxies- younger, closer to earth
●Blue galaxies- older, further
Why should you care about the Universe?
●Cont. to be curious
●New worlds to colonize for human beings
●Where to get new resources after ours are depleted
○Asteroids-20-30 mil dollars
●New life
●Create new technology
●Know the risks that might harm us
○Asteroid
○Evaporated ocean on Mars
●Philosophical question & why- where does it all come from & why
Discoveries
●Herbig-Haro-shapes of gas throughout universe
●Pismis 24- clusters of stars (newly formed)
Light- fastest thing in the universe
●Produced by photons
○186,282 miles p sec
●Sun is 93 mil miles away from earth
○Takes 8 minutes before we notice that it is gone
●Closest star to the sun- Proxima Centauri
○4.25 light years away- 24,960,643,334,537 mi away
○Juno-fastest man-made object -went to Jupiter 2016
■Travelled 165,000 mph
■Still takes 17,300 yrs to get to Proxima Centauri
Planets-
Almost spherical bodies made of rocks & gases that travel around a star
●Terrestrial planets
○Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
○8 light minutes
●Jovian planets
○4 light hours
○Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Stars-huge balls of hot glass that produce energy through nuclear fusion in their core
●Fusion- places w. High temp & pressure
○Stars turn 4 hydrogen to 1 helium
■Produce energy
in the process
Andromeda- closest galaxy to us, 5x bigger
●Solar neighborhood- 150,000 light years in total
●Milky Way- 100,000 light years
Lecture 2 4/04
Milky Way- galaxy
●Million of stars bounded by gravity, may also have gas, dust, & dark matter
THE LIFE OF STARS
●Stars- huge clouds of gas increase pressure -> creates a core
○High temperatures (like the sun) w. 10-14 million degrees
■Fusion occurs & makes a star
●4 Hydrogen ->1 helium releases a tiny
amt of energy, but
●9.3 x 10^37 times p.sec adds up & gives stars their light & energy
Takes 100,000 years to form core->edge
Planets- 10 million years (quick)- for dust/rocks to clump into a planet
●Rocks that never joined into a planet become meteors, rings of Saturn, asteroids
SOLAR MASSES
Msun= 1 solar mass M๏
Stellar Evolution
SMALL STARS
Star nebula
●Immense star cloud made of dust & gas
-> Protostar
●Gravitational force of other gases combine to form a star (with mass measured by solar mass)
-> Red dwarf
●Smallest of stars
●70% of the universe
●.08< M < .5 M๏
●Live 10 trillion years
-> white dwarf
●Very hot but small star -> no more nuclear fusion
●Evolutionary stage all stars go through (including sun)
Document Summary
New worlds to colonize for human beings. Where to get new resources after ours are depleted. Know the risks that might harm us. Philosophical question & why- where does it all come from & why. Pismis 24- clusters of stars (newly formed) Sun is 93 mil miles away from earth. Closest star to the sun- proxima centauri. Takes 8 minutes before we notice that it is gone. 4. 25 light years away- 24,960,643,334,537 mi away. Juno -fastest man-made object -went to jupiter 2016. Still takes 17,300 yrs to get to proxima centauri. Almost spherical bodies made of rocks & gases that travel around a star. Stars-huge balls of hot glass that produce energy through nuclear fusion in their core. Fusion - places w. high temp & pressure. Stars turn 4 hydrogen to 1 helium. Solar neighborhood- 150,000 light years in total. Million of stars bounded by gravity, may also have gas, dust, & dark matter.
