BIS 2C Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Zygospore, Zygomycota, Plasmogamy
27 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Fungal Life Cycle
Mating Types prevent inbreeding and chemical attractants entice opposite Mating Types, not gametes
•
Mating Types come together to make sexual reproduction occur
•
Starts with Gametes fuse cytoplasms together which is Plasmogamy
•
Dikaryotic mycelium of two cells joined together with separate nuclei (karyogamy)
•
Fertilization causes fusion of nuclei and then creating of zygote and then q then spores and repeat
•
Chytrids
Paraphyletic
•
Only fungi with swimming stages to this day
•
Life cycle difference
Produce male gametes with flagella and eggs from a multicellular haploid stage
○
Alternation of generation is found here
○
•
Zygomycota
Have hypha with different mating types
•
After plasmogamy, nuclei don’t proliferate or mix
•
When opposite mating type hyphae fuse, fertilization is successful and a zygospore is created,
Zygospore has many nuclei with genes
○
Meiosis is performed and Zygospore which becomes sporangiospore sac bursts after many spores are made
○
•
Life Cycles of Zygomycota vs Chytrids
The zygomycota have lost the swimming stages of male gametes while the Chytrids still had it
•
Glomeromycota
Example is mycorrhiza - fungal root that helps with water and nutrient uptake
•
Forms symbioses with plants where plant gets nutrients and water (P,N,K) while fungus gets the carbon/sugars
produced by the plant
•
Have arbuscular mycorrhizae (hyphae grow inside cells such as roots)
•
Dikarya - monophyletic clade
Includes the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota
Dikaryotic mycelium created after plasmogamy (n+n)
○
Ectomycorrhizae- form on the surface of roots
○
•
Ascomycota
Produce spores in ascus vine like structure
○
Product of meiosis after fertlization is a sac called the ascus that holds spores
○
These fruiting bodies have haploid hypha and dikaryotic mycelium
○
Dikaryon stage short lived
○
•
Basidiomycota
More successful that ascomycota
○
Uses basida method of spreading spores
○
Dikaryon stage long lived
○
•
Lichens
•
Fungal Life Cycle/Diversity (24)
Wednesday, February 21, 2018
12:13 PM
Fungal Life Cycle
Mating Types prevent inbreeding and chemical attractants entice opposite Mating Types, not gametes
•
Mating Types come together to make sexual reproduction occur
•
Starts with Gametes fuse cytoplasms together which is Plasmogamy
•
Dikaryotic mycelium of two cells joined together with separate nuclei (karyogamy)
•
Fertilization causes fusion of nuclei and then creating of zygote and then q then spores and repeat
•
Chytrids
Paraphyletic
•
Only fungi with swimming stages to this day
•
Life cycle difference
Produce male gametes with flagella and eggs from a multicellular haploid stage
○
Alternation of generation is found here
○
•
Zygomycota
Have hypha with different mating types
•
After plasmogamy, nuclei don’t proliferate or mix
•
When opposite mating type hyphae fuse, fertilization is successful and a zygospore is created,
Zygospore has many nuclei with genes
○
Meiosis is performed and Zygospore which becomes sporangiospore sac bursts after many spores are made
○
•
Life Cycles of Zygomycota vs Chytrids
The zygomycota have lost the swimming stages of male gametes while the Chytrids still had it
•
Glomeromycota
Example is mycorrhiza - fungal root that helps with water and nutrient uptake
•
Forms symbioses with plants where plant gets nutrients and water (P,N,K) while fungus gets the carbon/sugars
produced by the plant
•
Have arbuscular mycorrhizae (hyphae grow inside cells such as roots)
•
Dikarya - monophyletic clade
Includes the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota
Dikaryotic mycelium created after plasmogamy (n+n)
○
Ectomycorrhizae- form on the surface of roots
○
•
Ascomycota
Produce spores in ascus vine like structure
○
Product of meiosis after fertlization is a sac called the ascus that holds spores
○
These fruiting bodies have haploid hypha and dikaryotic mycelium
○
Dikaryon stage short lived
○
•
Basidiomycota
More successful that ascomycota
○
Uses basida method of spreading spores
○
Dikaryon stage long lived
○
•
Lichens
•
Fungal Life Cycle/Diversity (24)
Wednesday, February 21, 2018
12:13 PM
