LING 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Phoneme, Noun Phrase
7 Nov 2016
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Week 10, 10/26/16
Quiz 4 Overview:
• [s] and [ʃ] are allophones of the same phoneme
• [s] is the phoneme, because it appears in most environments
o [ʃ] is a special exception of [s]
• For the German example:
o Voiced stops become voiceless at the ends of words
▪ This is consistent with all of the data
o Underlying forms for the following
▪ Day
• /tag/
▪ Wheel
• /ʁad/
▪ Council
• /ʁat/
Syntax
• Syntax is the study of how words and morphemes are organized to make
sentences.
• We will be developing a mini-grammar that will tell us which sentences of
English are grammatical and which are not.
Generalizations
A * will indicate that the sentence is ungrammatical to native speakers.
Look at the following examples:
• Joan ran
• *Ran Joan
This shows the pattern that a verb cannot precede a subject.
• S -> N or V
o A sentence can be a subject followed by a noun or a verb
Sentences containing the:
• *Dog ran the
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
[s] is the phoneme, because it appears in most environments. Syntax: syntax is the study of how words and morphemes are organized to make sentences, we will be developing a mini-grammar that will tell us which sentences of. A * will indicate that the sentence is ungrammatical to native speakers. This shows the pattern that a verb cannot precede a subject: s -> n or v, a sentence can be a subject followed by a noun or a verb. Sentences containing the: *dog ran the, the determiner occurs after the word, the dog ran, *dog the ran, the determiner occurs after the word, *ran the dog. The determiner must occur before the noun: s -> (det) n v (parentheses) show that an item is optional. Syntax - sentences using adjectives: the shaggy dog ran, *the dog shaggy ran, *the dog ran shaggy. S -> (det) (adj) n v: the fat, shaggy dog ran.
