ANTH 222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Marsupial, Genetic Drift, Cladistics
13 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Species classification: phenetics/evolutionary: systematics vs. cladistics, the phenetic and cladistic criteria of relationship differ if evolutionary rates are unequal. Arms race principle: red queen effect, competition between species leads to escalation, but no species gets advantage over other. In terms of competition they stay in the same place: have to run faster and faster to stay in the same place. F1 unviability, f1 sterility, f2 hybrid breakdown: example of post zygotic barrier. Macro evolution through speciation: cumulative changes, long period of time, new species, natural selection is not random. Punctuated equilibrium: quickly nothing quickly, gradualism vs. punctuated, most phenotype characters change very little over time, when they do evolve change relatively rapid from one state to another. Hybridization between different populations: sudden change and speciation. Phenetics: old fashioned way of looking at trees. Cladistics: not all traits weight the same, putting things into categories. Taxonomic categories: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
