APY 345 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Splenius Muscles, Sternum, Erector Spinae Muscles
9 May 2016
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Wood jones: human foot is a specialization. Terrestrial modifications: tendency to drop the heal, acts as efficient lever to help lift body weight, human foot compared to ape foot: 3rd digit is the longest in gorilla, orangutan, chimp. 1st digit (big toe) longest in humans. Longest pedal digits (slow loris: lever length of foot: longer, load line, movements: Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion (toes up, toes down: vertebral column: provides support and protection; variation in non- human primates. Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae: comparisons between primates: differences exist because of locomotor patterns (bipedal vs. quadruped) Great apes: fewer lumbar vertebrae, no caudal (tail) Ow/nwm: more lumbar and sacral, caudal present, vertebrae: Vertebral foramen (where spinal cord/nerves go through) Cervical vertebrae: transverse (two holes on each side) foramen present, bifid spinous process, small body, vertebral foramen: large and triangular, looks like a fox , unique cervical vertebrae: Thoracic vertebrae: medium sized body, long spinous process, vertebral foramen: circular, looks like a giraffe .
