HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 87: Nuclear Arms Race, Warsaw Pact, Marshall Plan
1 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
C H A P T E R 2 7
The Cold War World: Global Politics, Economic Recovery,
And Cultural Change
I.Introduction
A. Wasteland
1. Europe as land of wreckage and confusion
2. Refugees returned home
3. Housing now scarce, food in short supply
B. Trauma
1. The brutality of war
2. Civil war
3. Liberation and betrayal
C. Recovery
1. Government authority
2. Functioning bureaucracies
3. Legitimate legal systems
4. Memories
D. The emergence of the superpowers and the Cold War
E. Collapse of the European empires
II. The Cold War and a Divided Continent
. The Iron Curtain
1. Teheran (1943) and Yalta (1945) Conferences
a. Soviets argued they had a legitimate claim to Eastern Europe
2. Churchill, Stalin, and the percentages agreement (1944)
. Dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence
3. For the Soviets, Eastern Europe was "a sphere and a shield"
A. The Soviets and Eastern Europe
1. The "people's republics"
. Sympathetic to Moscow
a. One party took hold of key positions of power
2. Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech (Fulton, Missouri, 1946)
3. Communist governments in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia
(1948)
4. Yugoslavia
. Tito declared his government independent of Moscow in 1948
a. Drew support from Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in Yugoslavia
b. Expelled from communist countries' economic and military pacts
5. Soviet purges in the parties and administrations of satellite governments
. Began in the Balkans
a. Extended through Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Poland
b. Renewed anti-Semitism
6. Greece
. Local communist-led resistance
a. British and United States determined to keep Greece in their sphere of
influence
b. Greece as touchstone for escalating American fear of communist expansion
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
