HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Ancient Greek Philosophy, Summa Contra Gentiles, Summa Theologica
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I.The Medieval Intellectual Revival
A. The growth of schools
1. Antecedents-—Charlemagne reorganized cathedral and monastic schools
2. Twelfth-century monasteries abandon practice of educating outsiders
3. Cathedral schools-—main centers of European education
4. Broadening of the curriculum (twelfth century)
5. Growing demand for trained officials
a. Knowledge of Latin grammar required
b. Classical Roman authors
c. Philosophy
6. New schools
. Education for those not intended to join the clergy
a. Children of the upper classes
b. Future notaries, merchants, or estate officials
c. Schools became independent of ecclesiastical control
d. Nonreligious lines of inquiry
B. Scholasticism
1. A new worldview-—highly systematic and respectful of authority
2. The theory and practice of reconciling classical philosophy with Christian faith
3. Peter Abelard (1079-1143)
. Taught at Paris
a. The first intellectual?
b. Adept at logic
c. The seduction of Heloise (1118)
d. The Story of My Calamities
e. Sic et Non (Yes and No)
i. Gathered 150 statements from the church fathers
ii. Using careful study to arrive at truth
iii. Abelard's method-—Socratic questioning
iv. Treated theology as a science, applying to it the laws of logic
v. The harmony of reason and faith
f. Peter Lombard (c. 1100-1164)
. Book of Sentences
i. Raised theological questions in consequential order
ii. Answered from both sides of the question
C. The rise of universities
1. Originally offered instruction beyond the cathedral school-—advanced liberal arts
2. Advanced liberal arts, law, medicine, and theology
3. First university at Bologna-—known for legal studies
4. University of Paris -—known for theological and philosophical studies
. Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
. Attracted students from across Europe
5. "University" originally meant a corporation or guild of students or teachers
6. University gradually came to mean an educational institution with a school of liberal arts
7. Thirteenth-century schools: Oxford, Cambridge, Montpellier, Salamanca, and Naples
8. Universities as student corporations
. Bologna
a. Students hired and paid teachers
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