AC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Subledger, General Ledger, General Journal

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silvercicada472

5 Jun 2018

School

University of Alabama

Department

Accountancy

Course

AC 210

Professor

Lisa Mc Kinney

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Special Journals

Entering transactions in the general journal and posting them to the correct general

ledger accounts is time consuming. In the general journal, a simple transaction requires

three lines—two to list the accounts and one to describe the transaction. The

transaction must then be posted to each general ledger account. If the transaction

affects a control account, the posting must be done twice—once to the subsidiary ledger

account and once to the controlling general ledger account. To speed up this process,

companies use special journals to record repetitive transactions that affect the same set

of accounts and have a consistent description. Such transactions can be documented

on one line in a special journal. Then, instead of separately posting individual entries,

each column's total is posted at the end of the accounting period.

Although companies create special journals for other types of repetitive transactions,

almost all merchandising companies use special journals for sales, purchases, cash

receipts, and cash disbursements.

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Sales journal. The sales journal lists all credit sales made to customers. Sales returns

and cash sales are not recorded in this journal. Entries in the sales journal typically

include the date, invoice number, customer name, and amount. Invoices are the source

documents that provide this information. In its most basic form, a sales journal has only

one column for recording transaction amounts. Each entry increases (debits) accounts

receivable and increases (credits) sales.

Notice the dates and posting references applied to each entry in the illustration to the

right. Each day, individual sales journal entries are posted to the accounts receivable

subsidiary ledger accounts so that customer balances remain current. Customer

account numbers (or check marks if customer accounts are simply kept in alphabetical

order) are placed in the sales journal's reference column to indicate that the entries

have been posted. At the end of the accounting period, the column total is posted to the

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accounts receivable and sales accounts in the general ledger. Account numbers are

placed in parentheses below the column to indicate that the total has been posted.

Many companies use a multi‐column (columnar) sales journal that provides separate

columns for specific sales accounts and for sales tax payable. Each line in a multi‐

column journal must contain equal debits and credits. For example, the entries in the

sales journal to the right appear below in a multi‐column sales journal that tracks

hardware sales, plumbing sales, wire sales, and sales tax payable. Individual entries

are still posted daily to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger accounts, and each

column total is posted at the end of the accounting period to the appropriate general

ledger account.

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Document Summary

Entering transactions in the general journal and posting them to the correct general ledger accounts is time consuming. In the general journal, a simple transaction requires three lines two to list the accounts and one to describe the transaction. The transaction must then be posted to each general ledger account. If the transaction affects a control account, the posting must be done twice once to the subsidiary ledger account and once to the controlling general ledger account. To speed up this process, companies use special journals to record repetitive transactions that affect the same set of accounts and have a consistent description. Such transactions can be documented on one line in a special journal. Then, instead of separately posting individual entries, each column"s total is posted at the end of the accounting period. Although companies create special journals for other types of repetitive transactions, almost all merchandising companies use special journals for sales, purchases, cash receipts, and cash disbursements.

Related Questions

Now that you have reviewed information about Hi-Fi Way, you are ready to begin the first step in the accounting cycle, recording transactions. On this page of the practice set, you are asked to record transactions that occurred during the first week of June into the company's journals and post the appropriate entries to the ledger accounts. The following transactions occurred throughout the first week of June:

Week 1
Date	Transaction description
1	Issued Check No. 570 for $8,400 to pay Realty Bites for two month's worth of rent in advance.
1	Obtained a loan of $59,000 from ZNZ Bank at a simple interest rate of 6% per year. The first interest payment is due at the end of August 2017 and the principal of the loan is to be repaid on June 1, 2021.
3	Made payment of $764 to Integer Energy for 3 months of electricity up to and including May 31, Check No. 571.
4	Turbo Tech paid the full amount owing on their account.
4	Paid sales staff wages of $13,224 for the week up to and including yesterday, Check No. 572. Note that $6,637 of this payment relates to the wages expense incurred during the last week of May.
5	Paid the full amount owing to Big Telco, Check No. 573.
7	Issued Check No. 574 to Office Supplies Warehouse for the purchase of $301 worth of office supplies.

After completing this practice set page, you should know how to record basic transactions in the journals provided below and understand the posting process in the manual accounting system. Note that you will record the remaining June transactions in the following sections of this practice set.

Remember, one purpose of using special journals is to make the posting process more efficient by posting the total of most columns in the special journals after all of the transactions for the period have been recorded. However, some parts of a journal entry are still required to be posted on a daily basis. View the company's accounting policies and procedures for details of what is to be posted daily or monthly.

Instructions for week 1

1)Record all week 1 transactions in the relevant journals.

Note that special journals must be used where applicable. Any transaction that cannot be recorded in a special journal should be recorded in the general journal.

2)Post entries recorded in the journals to the appropriate ledger accounts according to the company's accounting policies and procedures.

Note that the relevant totals of the special journals will be posted to the general ledger accounts at the end of the month. You will enter this before you prepare the Bank Reconciliation Statement.

Remember to enter all answers to the nearest whole dollar. When calculating a discount, if a discount is not a whole number, round the discount to the nearest whole dollar. Then, to calculate the cash amount, subtract the discount from the original amount.

Additional instructions

Displaying selected accounting records:

To save space, not all accounting records (e.g. journals and ledgers) will be displayed on every page. However, on each page you can access all accounting records necessary to answer the questions on that page.

There are several tabs representing different views of the accounting records. The active tab by default is Show All, but you may also select to view just one particular accounting record by selecting the appropriate tab.

If you fill in any accounting records and change the view on the page by selecting a different tab, the information that you have entered will remain in that accounting record and be displayed whenever you can see that accounting record.

Before submitting your answers, we recommend that you click the Show All tab and check that all relevant accounting records have been completed. You are required to complete all relevant accounting records before pressing the Submit answers button. Once submitted, you will not be able to return to the page to re-enter or alter your answers.

Journals:

Each transaction recorded in a special journal must be entered in one line. In order to receive full points, you must not split up the relevant transaction into more than one line in the special journal.

For certain transactions in special journals, some accounting textbooks do not always require an account to be chosen under the column labeled Account. In this practice set you arerequired to select an account for each transaction in the special journals. Specifically, in all special journals, under the column labeled Account, you must select the correct account name for each transaction in order to receive full points. Note that for some transactions, this will mean that the account name selected will correspond to the heading of one of the columns in that special journal.

For each journal, in the Post Ref. column you will need to correctly type the account number of the account you are posting to. In particular, in special journals, some accounting textbooks do not always require a reference to be recorded in the Post Ref. column. In this practice set, in order to receive full points, every transaction entered in a special journal requires an entry in the Post Ref. column. Note that in the special journals, if the account name selected for a transaction corresponds to the heading of one of the columns in that special journal, the post ref is to be recorded as an X. This is because these transactions are not posted on a daily basis. In order to receive full points, you must record only the letter Xin the Post Ref. column for these transactions.

Note that in special journals, the Other Accounts column should not be used to record movements of inventory.

There may be entries in the general journal that require posting to both a control account and a subsidiary ledger. In these cases, after you have posted to both ledgers, you should enter the reference for both the general ledger account and the subsidiary ledger account in the Post Ref. column to indicate that you have posted to both accounts. For example, if the reference number for the control account is 110 and the reference number for the subsidiary ledger account is 110-1, you should type '110/110-1' into the Post Ref. column.

General journal entries do NOT require a description of the journal entries.

Ledgers:

When posting a transaction to a ledger account, under the Description column, please type the description of the transaction directly into the field. The exact wording does not matterfor grading purposes. For example, it does not matter in an electricity transaction if you type 'Paid for electricity' or 'Paid electricity bill'.

For each ledger, under the Ref. column, you need to select the correct journal from a list in the drop-down box provided in order to receive full points.

If the balance of a ledger account is zero you do not need to select a debit or credit from the drop-down box.

Each transaction posted to the subsidiary ledgers must be entered in one line. In order to receive full points, you must not split up the relevant transaction into more than one line in the subsidiary ledger.

Both journals and ledgers:

Most journals and ledgers will have blank rows left at the end of the page.

Some journals and ledgers may not require any entries.

When purchases and sales are recorded in special journals, changes in inventory must not be posted to the Merchandise Inventory account in the general ledger on a daily basis.

chocolateporpoise367

Week 5
29	Received 13 Bungee Kits for $420each, which were ordered on the 24^th, agreed terms withJ. J. Spud are 2/10, n/30.
29	Great Sports paid the full amountowing on their account.
29	Made cash sale of 30 Melon WattSkateboards for $280 each plus 5% sales tax.
30	Purchased 27 Specialist Body Boardswith cash for a list price of $100 each. A trade discount of 20%applies, Check No. 780.
30	Paid monthly salary of $5,400 to Orlando Chadwick, Check No.781. 1)Record all week 1 transactions in therelevant journals. Note that special journals must be used where applicable. Anytransaction that cannot be recorded in a special journal should berecorded in the general journal. 2)Post entries recorded in the journals to theappropriate ledger accounts according to the company's accountingpolicies and procedures.

sapphiregoose614

I need help with the Post References of the Sales and Cash Journal as well as posting them to the General ledger accounts in the End of Month Posting:

Now that you have finished recording all of the transactions for the month of June, you are ready to perform the end of month posting procedure. The purpose of this end of month posting is to transfer the totals from the special journals to the appropriate general ledger accounts so that the balances in those ledger accounts reflect all of the transactions that occurred throughout the period.

Instructions for end of month posting

1)Total the columns in the special journals. Record the amount in the Total row of each journal.

2)Post the totals of the columns in the special journals to their corresponding ledger account. To confirm that the posting has been performed, a posting reference is recorded in the last row of the special journals. If the total of a column is not required to be posted, you need to record an X in the post reference field for that column.

3)Record the final unadjusted balance of each ledger account in the Unadjusted Balance row of each ledger, even for ledgers with a balance of zero. Although each ledger already has a running balance, the Unadjusted Balance row must still be filled out in order to receive full points.

SALES JOURNAL

Date		Account	Invoice No.	Post Ref.	Accounts Receivable	Sales Tax	Sales Revenue	Cost of Goods Sold
Jun	6	ARC - Great Sports	362	110-3	5,712	272	5,440	2,880
Jun	12	ARC - The Locker Room	363	110-6	21,147	1,007	20,140	9,820
Jun	17	ARC - Mick's Sporting	364	110-5	20,202	962	19,240	10,560
Jun	28	ARC - The Locker Room	365	110-6	1,197	57	1,140	600

Total					?	?	?	?
Post Reference					(?)	(?)	(?)	(?) / (?)

CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL

Date		Account	Check No.	Post Ref.	Debit				Credit
Date		Account	Check No.	Post Ref.	Accounts Payable	Merchandise Inventory	Wages Expense	Other Accounts	Cash
Jun	3	Merchandise Inventory	731	X		3,520			3,520
Jun	4	APC - Sport Borders	732	210-4	9,500				9,500
Jun	5	Wages Payable	733	220			835	1,000	1,835
Jun	6	APC - Addax Sports	734	210-2	5,400				5,400
Jun	9	APC - Sports 'R Us	735	210-5	8,700				8,700
Jun	12	Electricity Payable	736	221				1,420	1,420
Jun	12	Wages Expense	737	X			2,384		2,384
Jun	15	Prepaid Rent	738	140				2,000	2,000
Jun	19	Wages Expense	739	X			1,695		1,695
Jun	22	APC - Extreme Sports	740	210-3	49,313				49,313
Jun	24	APC - J. J. Spud	741	210-1	10,215				10,215
Jun	26	Wages Expense	742	X			2,320		2,320
Jun	30	Merchandise Inventory	743	X		3,200			3,200
Jun	30	Salary Expense	744	545				5,300	5,300

Total					?	?	?	?	?
Post Reference					(?)	(?)	(?)	(?)	(?)

GENERAL LEDGER

Account: Cash
Account No. 100

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				65,589 DR
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: ARC - Accounts Receivable Control
Account No. 110

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				66,657 DR
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: Merchandise Inventory
Account No. 120

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				66,640 DR
Jun	21	Purchase return to Extreme Sports Inc	GJ		320	66,320 DR
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: APC - Accounts Payable Control
Account No. 210

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				78,148 CR
Jun	21	Purchase return to Extreme Sports Inc	GJ	320		77,828 CR
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30					DRCR
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: Sales Tax Payable
Account No. 240

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				14,073 CR
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: Sales Revenue
Account No. 400

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				0
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: Cost of Goods Sold
Account No. 500

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				0
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

Account: Wages Expense
Account No. 516

Date		Description	Ref.	Debit	Credit	Balance
May	31	Balance				0
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30
Jun	30	Unadjusted Balance

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AC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Subledger, General Ledger, General Journal

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