NSG 3315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Hemostasis, Necrosis, White Blood Cell
Document Summary
A protective, coordinated response of the body to any injurious agent. Response of body tissue to immune reactions, injury, and death neutralizes harmful agents removes dead tissue. Usually a result of tissue injury and lasts only a short duration. Causes: infections, immune reactions, trauma, surgery, cancer, physical and chemical agents such as frostbite or burns, tissue necrosis. 5 cardinal signs: redness, swelling, heat, loss of function, pain. Leads to immediate blood vessel changes - dilation and increased permeability. Movement of in ammatory cells (speci cally neutrophils) area of injury. Damaged cells release in ammatory mediators that may produce fever, pain, etc. Cells (leukocytes) release many inflammatory mediators at injured area (cellular chemotaxis) Cytokines - released by lymphocytes; tell other cells what to do colony - stimulating factors. Nitric oxide - relaxes vessel smooth muscle, which increases dilation; anti-infective. Kinins (bradykinin) - increases capillary permeability, produces pain mechanism. Coagulation and brinolysis proteins - used for clotting.
