BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Rna Polymerase Ii, Noncoding Dna, Lysine
Document Summary
Gene regulation- turning a gene on and off depending on location, timing, and amount. Genes are regulated in order to respond to environmental conditions and reach homeostasis. Eukaryotic cells are regulated at several stages: chromatin changes. Adds acetyl (coch3) to lysine to promote transcription. Adds phosphate gps next to methylated amino acids to promote transcription. Add methylated gps to histone to reduce transcription by condensing by loosening chromatids: transcription factors. General- required for transcription initiation, proper binding of rna polymerase ii, and for all protein coding genes. Control elements- segments of noncoding dna that regulate transcription that bind to certain proteins. Promoter- dna sequence where general transcription factors bind which attracts rna polymerase ii. Bound activators- bend dna and allow mediator proteins to interact. Combination gene regulation- explains same information but different behavior. This is due to different gene expression: processing mrna. Regulatory proteins can bind to introns and guide spliceosomes. Can determine mrna lifespan (hours to weeks)
