NURS 4390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Volume Expander, Extracellular Fluid, Mannitol
3 May 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Molecule can move across a semi-permeable membrane: e. g. electrolytes, dextrose. Large molecules that do not cross semi-permeable membranes. Expands intravascular volume by drawing fluid in: e. g. albumin, mannitol. 0. 9% normal saline: contains only sodium and chloride. Used to treat low extracellular fluid: e. g. hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia, fluid challenges. Lactated ringers: electrolytes closely related to blood, lactate converted to bicarbonate in the liver, should not be given when ph >7. 5, used for electrolyte replacement, gi fluid losses, metabolic acidosis, monitor for electrolyte status. Esp. in those with renal or cardiac insufficiency. D5w (dextrose in water: good for someone who needs glucose with high sodium, glucose gets used up and becomes hypotonic, crosses bbb barrier and increases intracranial pressure. Hypotonic solutions: fluids shifts from intravascular to intracellular and intestinal spaces, hydrates cells in dehydration, monitor for hypotension. Hypertonic solutions: typically, not given in regular units.
