BIOL 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Gc-Content, Lipopolysaccharide, Coevolution
Document Summary
Inside the cell: safe, but difficult to move. Lethality (cell death): lysis by toxins, lymphocytes, and/or apoptosis. Caused by host response: inflammation and immunopathology. Most diseases in human history have evolved with us. When organisms haven"t co-evolved with a pathogen, they"re more likely to suffer from it. Our immune system will recognize and react to it. Virulence genes: encode factors allowing pathogen to invade host. Section of genes that contain multiple virulence genes, encoding related functions such as protein secretion/toxin production. Transferred as a block from other organisms, with distinguishable genetic characteristics (gc content, flanking genes) Antibiotic: substance that interferes w/ cellular metabolism, with bactericidal/bacteriostatic effect. Chemical produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or killing other organisms. Natural: g and v, injection or orally. Oxacillin: narrow-spectrum, only gram positives, resistant to penicillinase. **50s and 30s portions are on 70s prokaryotic ribosome and protein synthesis. These 3 affect transcription and translation but not cell wall synthesis. Chloramphenicol binds to 50s and inhibits elongation.
