01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Extracellular Fluid, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Endocrine System
14 Mar 2016
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Anatomy and physiology: anatomy - form, physiology - function, body plans/ organizations. Intro: animals - come in diff shape and sizes, body shape and limited by physical laws. Convergent evolution - selection favors similar adaptations: exchange with environment, animals are not closed systems. All substances need to dissolve in an aqueous solution and more across the plasma membrane of a cell (also restricts body plan: single celled organisms. Surface area to body ratio sufficient for all exchange. Exchange must occur across every plasma membrane. Figure 40. 3b: hydra - 2 layers of cells. 1: most animals: compact mass of cells. Complex internal organization increase # of cells leads to decrease of outer surface area to volume ratio in animals there a specialized surfaces: extensive branching or folding, internal. Animals are characterized by internal body fluids: link exchange surfaces with body cell. 2 types of body fluid: interstitial fluid - fills spaces between cells, circulatory fluid - ex) blood.
