01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Polyphyly, Paraphyly, Convergent Evolution
13 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Last common universal ancestor (luca)- most recent organism from which all organisms living now on earth have a common descent. Investigating the tree of life- evolution is both a pattern & a process. Each species assigned unique 2 part name binomial. Consists of genus to which it belongs + specific epithet (nickname) The taxonomic groups from broad to narrow are domain to species. )- grouping of organisms at any one of these levels. Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species. Linnaean classification & phylogeny can differ from each other. Systematists proposed a classification system reflecting evolution- only recognize groups w/ common ancestor & all its descendants. The basics of phylogenetic tree: phylogenetic tree- branching diagram that represents evolutionary history of group of organisms. Shows patterns of descent: represents a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships, relationships depicted as series of dichotomies= 2-way branch points, component of a phylogenic tree. Phylogeny- evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor.
