01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Electron Shell, Atomic Mass, Inductive Reasoning

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:115
• Professor: Stern Cardinale

Document Summary

(cid:272)ie(cid:374)(cid:272)e: lati(cid:374) (cid:449)o(cid:396)d (cid:373)ea(cid:374)i(cid:374)g (cid:862)to k(cid:374)o(cid:449). (cid:863) Inquiry: search for natural causes to natural phenomena (systemic: deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning: o(cid:271)se(cid:396)(cid:448)atio(cid:374) patte(cid:396)(cid:374) te(cid:374)tati(cid:448)e hypothesis theo(cid:396)y. Set of observation, draw conclusions, general principle. Theory: a hypothesis that has significant support from testing. Law: statement what always occurs; observable, not explanatory. 25 elements of 92 are essential to life: 4 elements make 96% of living matter, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, other 4%: calcium, phosphorus, potassium sulfur, trace elements: minute quantities needed for life. Atom is smallest unit of matter that retains properties of an element. Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic particles: Electrons (-): determine chemical behavior, form negative cloud: nucleus: protons and neutrons. Atomic mass= # protons + # neutrons. Protons and neutrons = 1 dalton (amu) Isotopes= different atoms of same element: same number of protons but different # of neutrons, radioactive isotopes: decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy. Energy: capacity to cause (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge to do work.