01:119:115 Lecture 5: Lecture 5 Notes

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:115
• Professor: Dr.Christy Beal

Document Summary

500 million years ago: larger forms of life on land-> fungi, plants, animals. Cell theory: all organisms are made of cells and all cells have 4 common features and common evolutionary ancestor: tools to study cells. Classified by structure: prokaryotes 3. 5-3. 8 billion years ago, eukaryotes 1. 9-2. 1 billion years ago, plasma membrane: phospholipids, cytosol: semifluid substance, chromosomes: carry genes, dna, ribosomes: make proteins, rna. Cons: cells killed; may alter structure; tedious prep. Surface area to volume ratio: increase surface of membrane-> increase amount of substance. Nuclear pores: regulate entry and exist of molecules. Carry protein synthesis in 2 locations: free and bound ribosomes. Nuclear envelope: with pores that regulate access to dna. Endomembrane system designed to make proteins from genes in dna. Bound in er: nuclear envelope, plasma membrane, er, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles. Rough er: surface studded with ribosomes-> involved in making proteins. Bound ribosomes: so make proteins and put it into lumen of er.