ECO-4 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Avoidance Speech, Economic Equilibrium, Demand Curve

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12 Sep 2020

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Private benefit : benefit that the consumer of a good/service receives. Marginal benefit: the benefit from an additional unit of a good/service. Marginal private benefit (mb): benefit that the consumer of a good/service receives from an additional unit of it. External benefit: benefit that someone other than the consumer of the good/service receives. Marginal external benefit: benefit from an additional unit of a good/service that people other than its consumer enjoy. Marginal social benefit (msb) : the marginal benefit enjoyed by a society by the consumer of a good/service (marginal private benefit) and by others (the marginal external benefit) Msb = mb + marginal external benefit. The demand curve = marginal benefit curve. Market equilibrium occurs when msb = msc. Public production: a good or service is produced by a public authority that receives its revenue from the government (e. g. education) In this case, tuition is set equal to mb @ same quantity of efficient equilibrium.

Related Questions

When a government provides a good with an external benefit, to attain efficiency the price paid by consumers is set equal to the ________.

A. market demand price

B. amount paid by taxpayers

C. marginal private benefit at the efficient level of output

D. marginal private cost at the efficient level of output

Which of the following actions is appropriate in a market with an external benefit?

A. taxes

B. vouchers

C. marketable permits

D. price ceiling

When a person receives a flu vaccination, the ________ is the additional benefit the person receives from getting the shot.

A. marginal private benefit

B. marginal external benefit

C. marginal social benefit

D. marginal social cost

Pell grants given to students attending college are most closely similar to ________.

A. public provision of a good

B. private subsidies are given to producers of a good

C. property rights assigned to consumers of a good

D. vouchers are given to a consumer of a good

Technology that prevents Paul in California from using an email account of Sarah's in Maryland means that email is an example of ________.

A. an excludable good

B. a good that is non-excludable

C. a public good

D. the tragedy of the commons

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2.) Consider a beekeeper that is deciding how much honey to produce. The beekeeper gains a benefit from producing honey, represented by the marginal benefit function and which is given by:

MB= 300 - 6Q

where Q is barrels of honey.

In addition, she has a marginal cost function, which reflects her cost of producing honey; this is given by:

MC= 40 + 4Q

The beekeeperâs total profit function is given by:

Profit= 360Q + Q^2

The more honey the beekeeper produces, the more bees there are to pollinate a neighboring apple orchard. Thus, in addition to the private benefit accruing to the beekeeper herself, there is also a marginal external benefit to the apple orchard, which is given by:

MEB= 100 - 2Q

And a total external benefit to the apple orchard given by:

TEB= 100Q - Q^2

a. Find an expression for the social marginal benefit (SMB) in this case, defined as you think appropriate. Calculate the level of honey production that will arise if the beekeeper acts in her self-interest only. Calculate the socially efficient level of honey production as well.

b. Suppose that the beekeeper and the owner of the apple orchard enter into negotiations. The orchard owner wants to offer a payment to the beekeeper to change honey production from her self-interested production level to the socially efficient level (all at once). What is the maximum total payment that the orchard owner would be willing to pay for this overall change? What is the minimum total payment that the beekeeper would require before making this overall change?

c. Assume that, if a deal is reached, each party must pay $35 in legal fees to finalize it. If there are no additional transaction costs, will the socially efficient quantity be reached? Explain.

d. Irrespective of your answer to part c, assume that the beekeeper and the orchard owner come to a private agreement to set honey production at the socially efficient quantity. However, now suppose that a policymaker reads somewhere that honey production provides a positive externality to apple orchards, and therefore decides that the beekeeper should be provided with a production subsidy for each unit of honey that the beekeeper is willing to produce. With this subsidy in place, the beekeeper decides to increase production by an additional 5 barrels. Calculate the associated efficiency loss.

e. If honey is good to eat and bees are good for trees, why is there such a thing as too much honey?

silvercrow642

1 John raises bees to pollinate his orchard, a couple of bees which escaped ended up pollinating his neighbour's orchard so:

a. john's neighbour has received an external cost of john's beekeeping.

b. john's neighbour has received an external benefit of john's beekeeping.

c.john's neighbour has received an internal cost of john's beekeeping.

d.none of the above.

2. external costs are:

a. borne by individuals other than those who incurred them.

b.borned by the public but incurred by the government.

c.another term for implicit costs.

d.borne by the government but incurred by the public.

3. the optimal quantity of ail pollution is:

a. found by setting the quantity of air pollution equal to the quantity of water pollution.

b.a meaningless concept since monetary values cannot be attached to problems associated with pollution.

c.whatever amount of pollution is produced by the profit-maximizing firm.

d. found by equating the marginal benefits from further reductions in pollution and the marginal costs of further reductions in pollution.

4. technological changes that make it easier to produce in a "cleaner" fashion would cause:

a. the marginal cost curve of pollution abatement to shift left increasing the degree of air quality.

b.the marginal benefit curve of pollution abatement to shift left increasing the degree of air quality.

c.the marginal cost curve of pollution abatement to shift right increasing the degree of air quality.

d.the marginal benefit curve of pollution to shit right increasing the degree of air quality.

5. if pollution is bad, why do we still use pollution-causing resources such as coal and oil to generate electricity?

a. the transaction cost of pollution is too low.

b.governements lack the political will to enforce the use of pollution-free resources.

c.pollution is only a private cost.

d.the cost of using pollution-free resources to generate power in many circumstances is much higher than generating the same power through conventional pollution causing means.

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ECO-4 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Avoidance Speech, Economic Equilibrium, Demand Curve

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