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CHM 11500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Phospholipid, Hydrophile, Trans Fat

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cerisegiraffe538

29 Jul 2015

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Purdue University

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Course

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Chittaranjan Das

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CHM 11500 Full Course Notes

CHM 11500 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Fats are esters of carboxylic acids and glycerol. This means that carboxylic acids are connected to a glycerol molecule via single bonds to an oxygen atom. In saturated fats, all c-c bonds are single bonds and there are a maximum number of hydrogens attached to the carbons. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats have one or more c-c double bonds and as a result have fewer hydrogens. Unsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature. Trans fats (fats in which the substituents are on opposite sides of the c-c double bonds) have been shown to be bad for blood cholesterol levels, raising levels of bad cholesterol and lowering levels of good cholesterol. Cell membranes are made of molecules called phospholipids. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic ionic phosphate group on one end and a hydrophobic lipid on the other end. This allows them to be somewhat soluble in both polar and nonpolar solvents.

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Related Questions

64. Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. The physical state of a triglyceride with three unsaturated fatty acid tails would be a clear liquid. B. Complex lipids that contain mainly unsaturated fatty acids are liquids (oils) at room temperature C. Its best to use fats with high melting points in our diet. D. A disadvantage of the ability of saturated fats to pack tightly is that tightly packed, saturated fats clog arteries as atherosclerosis 65. Trans fatty acids A. are formed when vegetable oil is hydrogenated (for solidification). B. are found in fried foods C. have an atypical shape that affects their chemical activity D. are not flexible and can adhere to surfaces E. should be avoided because they are composed of partially hydrogenated (partially hardened) oils F. are all of the above 66 Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. When plants and animals build fatty acids they make the trans forms. B. Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer "shelf life" C Natural cis fatty acids tend to turn rancid and spoil D Although natural cis fatty acids turn rancid and spoil, it is the cis form that is used by the body. E.The process of hydrogenation, in which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats, produces a mixture of saturated fatty acids and standard and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids 67. Good tips for reducing dietary fats are to A. use non-fat or low-fat dairy products and other products B use low-fat cooking methods C bake, roast, steam, broil, stir fry, microwave D. seldom have fried foods E choose lean cuts of meat, trim fat F. do all the above 68. Which of these statements about the properties of fatty acids are true? A. Melting point of all fatty acids increases with increasing hydrocarbon chain length (i.e increasing size) B cis double bonds prevent good alignment of molecules in unsaturated fatty acids leading to C Melting point of unsaturated fatty acid are lower than that of a saturated fatty acid with the D. The melting point of a saturated fatty acid is greater than that of an unsaturated fatty acid of poor packing same number of carbon atoms due to the presence of their double bonds the same chain length, because saturated fatty acid chains tend to be fully extended and to stack in a regular structure, thereby causing increased intermolecular attraction. E. all of the above 69. Freebie 70 Freebie

58. Which of the following are organie acid anions A. lactate B. acetoacetate C. phosphate D. sulfate E A& B only 59Â·Among the mechanisms that help maintain pH of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45 are A. Buffer systems, B exhalation of CO2, C kidney excretion of H+ D kidney reabsorption of HCO3 E all of the above 60. Which of these statements about the kidneys role in buffering is true? A. The kidneys play an important role in the control of acidosis by responding with an increase in the excretion of H+ B In conditions of acidosis the kidney will increase the production of NH3 from tubular amino acids or amino acids absorbed from the plasma. C. Renal regulation of H+& HCO3- final defense, slow but very effective D. Marked brain damage is seen in cases of failure to make urea via the urea cycle or to eliminate urea through the kidneys E all of the above 61.Select the false statement about saturated fatty acids from those below. Saturated fatty acids A. have all single bonds and have a maximized number of hydrogens attached to the carbons B. are linear and inflexible, because they are more tightly stacked! C have higher melting points than unsaturated fatty acid with the same number of carbons D Typical saturated fatty acids are tightly packed together E none of the above 62 Select the false statement about unsaturated fatty acids from those below. A. Unsaturated fatty acids usually have more than one double bond. B An unsaturated fatty acid has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the chain C A double bond introduces a kink in the molecular structure of unsaturated fatty acids. D Kinks in unsaturated fatty acids prevent stacking and lend flexibility E. The melting points of unsaturated fatty acids are usually lower than those of saturated fatty acids. 63. Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. The first double bond in a saturated fatty acid is usually at the ninth carbon B. Most double bonds are not conjugated, are usually cis and result in a bent chain and lower melting point C. There is a decrease in melting point with increased unsaturation of the fatty acid D. The notation 14:0 means 14 carbons and 0 double bonds in the molecule (saturated). E. The notation 18:2 means 18 carbons in the molecule and 2 double bonds