PYSO 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cytotoxic T Cell, Ileocecal Valve, Gastrointestinal Tract
12 May 2020
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Document Summary
Material from ileum of small intestine passes into large intestine through ileocecal valve. Large intestine: cecum (blind pouch) ascending colon transverse colon descending colon. Appendix: pouch from cecum that contains lymphatic nodules. Epithelial layer of large intestine lacks villi but contains crypts. Haustra bulges of outer surface diverticulitis inflammation of elongated outpouching. Resident bacteria inside large intestine produce vitamin k and folic acid (vitamin b12) Initiates defecation reflex internal anal and external anal sphincters relax to allow for defecation. Diarrhea: excessive fluid excretion in feces; can be caused by bacterial enterotoxin, damage to intestinal mucosa, lactose intolerance. Constipation can be caused by too little water in the feces. Specific (acquired) immune response: specifically target a particular pathogen or foreign material (e. g. one type of b cell can respond to salmonella, while another type would respond to: coli, etc) Different pathogens have different shaped molecules (antigens) associated with them.
