CDIS 4213 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Spina Bifida, Axial Skeleton, Ossification
7 Sep 2016
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Breathing: heart, esophagus, trachea, nerves, nodes of central chest. Costal pleurae (pleurae = a kind of lining/sac: airtight membrane lining thoracic cavity"s inner surface. Continuous with visceral pleura (inner pleural layer) Made of mesothelial lining (which is smooth) on top of connective tissue: pleural sacs left and right separately encase each lung. Thoracic cavity and mediastinum: costal surface convex, faces costal walls (rib cage, intercostal spaces, mediastinal surface concave, source of lung root on each side. Framework for breathing mechanism: skeletal, vertebral or spinal column, rib cage, pelvis, (skull also plays a role, spinal column, 32-33 individual vertebrae; joined by intervertebral fibrocartilage and complex ligament system a. i. Sacral 5, fused to look like one bone (sacrum) a. v. Vertebral foramen spinal cord travels down open space c. iii. Spinous processes projections that form spinal column; protects vertebral column (spinal cord) c. iii. 1. Muscles and ligaments attach (enable flexibility of your back) c. iv.
