PSYCH 3312 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Deductive Reasoning, Essentialism, Decision-Making
17 Feb 2018
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Induction is the capacity to extend knowledge to novel instances of a category. Move from specific observations to general conclusions. No non-green emeralds have been observed so far. Essentialism: category-based inferences for animals (bird, fish, rabbit), for natural substances (gold, cotton), and for social categories (boy, girl, smart) In deduction one assumes that premises are true and then seeks to determine what conclusions follow from the premises. Move from general premise to specific conclusions. All trees have roots, an oak is a tree, this oak has roots. If this animal is a dog, then it is a mammal. If a is the antecedent, then b is the consequent. Syllogistic and conditional reasoning can be used together. 7) deduction - the virtue of valid arguments. An argument may be valid even though every proposition in it is false. The virtue of valid arguments is not that they are guaranteed to be true, but that they are guaranteed to be truth preserving.
