EARTHSC 1121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Mantle Plume, Magma Chamber, Continental Crust
22 Mar 2017
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Magma formation: magma: molten rock, why does magma form, earth is hot inside. Why: planetesimals and meteorite formation, gravitational compression, differentiation, radioactive mineral decay *, primordial heat *, partial melting in crust/upper mantle, melting is from, pressure release (i, volatile addition (ii, heat transfer (iii) Solidus: the lowest temperature at which a rock begins to melt. Liquidus: the highest temperature at which any part of the rock remains solid. ** iceland is a hot spot beneath the mor. Addition of volatiles (ii: volatiles cause rocks to melt at much lower temperature, water (like salt is to ice lowers the melting temp, carbon dioxide, adding volatiles to hot, dry rocks initiates melting, important subduction process. Magma formation (iii: heat transfer, rising magma carries mantle heat, this raises t in crustal rock, crustal rock melts at lower t. Continental hot spot eruptions: continental hot spots, yellowstone eruption 640 ka created a 100 km caldera, 1000 times more powerful than mt.
