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BIOL 1115 Lecture 4: Chapter 4

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greysea-lion108
9 Mar 2017
School
Northeastern University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 1115
Professor
terrikanner

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Document Summary

List the two categories of life: prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells. List three ways in which eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ: in eukaryotic cells the dna is held in the nucleus/ prokaryotic cells the dna is not enclosed in the cell, eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles (ex. Nucleus: prokaryotes are unicellular; eukaryotes are multicellular, prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts. List three things that all cells have in common: ribosomes, cytoplasm, genetic material, cell membrane. In order to function cells cannot be too large or too small. The outer boundary: what surrounds each and every cell, cell membrane, what surrounds eukaryotic organelles, cell membranes/ cytoskeleton. It is the cytosol and the organelles suspended within the cytosol. What comprises the cell cytoskeleton: microtubules, actin filaments. What is the primary function of a motor protein: what is the power source of a motor protein, atp, how do motor proteins function, three kinds of movement, motor protein moves, filament moves.

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Related Questions

LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY – STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

• Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

• PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

• Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

• Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens

Objective Magnification

Ocular Magnification

Total Magnification

Scanning

4X

10X

40X

Low Power

10X

10X

High Power

40X

10X

Oil Immersion

100X

10X

• Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

• What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

• What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

• List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

• List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

• In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

• Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

• The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

• The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

• A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

• Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

• Describe dark field microscopy.

• Describe phase contrast microscopy.

• Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

• How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

• Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure Function Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane

Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast

Spirogyra
Cell wall

PLEASE HELP! HELP! I HAVE 3 PAPERS THAT I’M WRITING SO INEED HELP WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT!

PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ANSWERING.PLEASE INCLUDE A PARENTHETICAL CITATION WHEN YOU REFER TO,SUMMARIZE, OR QUOTE FROM ANOTHER SOURCES. (MICROBIOLOGY) DUE DATE01/27/2019

Type a three-page minimum double spaced paper coveringthe following topics:

  • Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cellwalls. Discuss clinical implications of these differences(15 points).
  • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Touch onspecifically the differences in their nucleus, membrane-enclosedorganelles, cell wall, plasma membranes, chromosomes, ribosomes,and cell division. Discuss clinical implications of thesedifferences (15 points).
  • Describe the functions of the following organelles: flagella,cilia, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, nucleus,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgicomplex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts,peroxisomes (25 points).

Question 1


Which of the following provides the best description of adifference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.l.14.3>

The cell membrane of prokaryotic cells contains proteins, whilethe cell membrane of eukaryotic cells contains only lipids andcarbohydrates.

The DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in the nucleus, whilethe DNA in prokaryotic cells is not separated from the rest of thecell’s contents.

Eukaryotic cells have cell walls that consist mainly of sugars,while prokaryotic cells do not.

Prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts and mitochondria, whileeukaryotic cells do not contain specialized organelles.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is a process involving the breakdown ofglucose molecules in order to generate energy for cellularactivities. Given the general reaction below, which of thefollowing best describes the products labeled x andy?

C6H12O6 + O2 → _x___+ __y___ + energy.l.18.8>

The products are CO (carbon monoxide) andH2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), which thendecompose into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water(H2O).

The products are H2O (water) and CO2 (carbondioxide), which then undergo anaerobic respiration.

The products are CO2 (carbon dioxide) andH2O (water), which then become the reactants forphotosynthesis.

The products are O2 (oxygen) and H2O(water), which are then used for growth and to keep the organismhydrated.

Question 3

If a researcher added a quantity of phospholipid molecules to abeaker of water, what would be most likely to happen to theorientation of the phospholipid molecules?.l.14.2>

They would break apart, and the remaining lipid tails wouldfloat up and form a layer on the surface of the water.

Their lipid tails would align within a spherical double layerwith their phosphate heads in the water inside and outside thesphere.

They would form a single-layered sphere with the phosphate headspointing outward and the lipid tails pointing inward.

Their lipid tails would adhere to the glass of the beaker andtheir phosphate heads would float in the water.

Question 4

While looking at a cell under a microscope, a scientist is ableto see a biological molecule. This molecule is a nucleic acid witha ladder structure and contains the nitrogenous bases adenine,thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Based on this information, whatconclusion can the scientist draw regarding this nucleicacid?.l.18.1>

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cell’snucleus.

The nucleic acid is RNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cytoplasm.

The nucleic acid is DNA and would be found in the cell’snucleus.

Question 5


Which of the following is needed for cellular respiration tooccur?.l.18.8>

Sodium

Oxygen

Water

Nitrogen

Question 6


What would be the most likely effect if the side chain of an aminoacid group was unable to vary its structure?.l.18.4>

The organism would not be able to make and store starches.

The organism would not be able to process glucose moleculeseffectively.

The organism would not be able to regulate the creation ofspecialized cells.

The organism would not be able to make more than one type ofprotein.

Question 7


During photosynthesis, unused oxygen atoms form oxygen gas(O2) which is released as a waste product. How did theseoxygen atoms originally enter the plant?.l.18.7>

They were part of the ATP molecules gathered by thechloroplasts.

They were part of the sugar molecules(C6H12O6) the plant brought in forfood.

They were part of the carbon dioxide (CO2) moleculesthat entered through the leaves.

They were part of the water molecules (H2O) pulled inthrough the roots.

Question 8


Which of the following organelles houses DNA in eukaryoticcells?.l.14.3>

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Mitochondrium

Question 9


M. J. Schleiden shifted the scientific community's attention tocellular processes with his.l.14.1>

attention to disproving spontaneous generation

publication of ideas on cell generation

theories on the division of cells

claim that cells were the basic unit of all plant matter

Question 10


While the average human is able to hold his or her breath forapproximately one minute, a whale can dive for over 30 minuteswithout returning to the surface. Which of the following correctlydescribes this difference?.l.18.10>

Whales need less energy than humans.

Whales gather energy from their environment better thanhumans.

Whales are able to tolerate the products of cellular respirationbetter than humans.

Whales have a slower cellular respiration metabolism rate thanhumans.

Question 11


What can you conclude about the advantage of the cell membranehaving hydrophobic ends in the phospholipid bilayer?.l.18.3>

The cell requires the ability to digest and eliminateenzymes.

The cell requires a barrier between itself and itsenvironment.

The cell requires a means to store starches and glucose.

The cell requires a structure for eliminating waste.

Question 12


What would be the most likely outcome if the ribosomes of a cellwere damaged and stopped functioning?.l.14.3>

The cell would lose structure and shape.

Cell growth and repair would slow or stop.

Cell waste would no longer be processed.

The cell would produce more mitochondria.