SAFS 421 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Punnett Square, Plant Breeding, Dna Replication

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blackhound251

9 Dec 2017

School

UNH

Department

Sustainable Agriculture & Food Systems

Course

SAFS 421

Professor

Andrew Ogden

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Document Summary

Cell will have more than 2 chromosomes chromosomes replicate through division, you end up with 2 diploid (vegetative cells) One parent cell divides into 4 daughter cells each with only one set of chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes form pairs (recombination occurs at this step alleles and genes of individual chromosomes interact) On each side, 4 gametes (sex cells) are formed. Occurs in an anther and an ovule. This is necessary for plant reproduction in which you take one parent cell and divide twice to form 4 haploid cells which are then capable of fusing and fertilizing an egg to make a zygote. Number of daughter cells 2 diploid (daughter cells two. 4 haploid (daughter cells are genetically different than parent cell) Produce gametes and assure genetic diversion in sexual reproduction are genetically identical to parent cells) Can continue to help cells grow and repair. Genotype: genetic makeup of plant determine phenotypic (characteristics we can outwardly observe)

Related Questions

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To enable an organism to produce gametes

To allow for growth

To allow an organism to replace damaged cells

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ________ and meiosis results in ________.

gametes, somatic cells

gametes, gametes

somatic cells, somatic cells

somatic cells, gametes

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following tasks is accomplished through the processof meiosis?

Cell growth

Production of sperm or eggs

Replacement of dysfunctional cells

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexualreproduction?

All other selections are true.

Sexual reproduction provides more genetic variability

Sexual reproduction doubles the number of chromosomes in aspecies

Sexual reproduction is more efficient

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during whatstage of cell division? (Read each option carefully.)

Prophase I of meiosis

Prophase of mitosis

Prophase II of meiosis

Interphase

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Corn has 20 chromosomes. When corn undergoes meiosis how manychromosomes are found in the gametes?

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sidesof the cell during what stage of cell division? (Read each optioncarefully.)

Metaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

Anaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase of mitosis

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______cells.

diploid, haploid

haploid, diploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

jadepug655

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Some cancer drugs such as vinblastine function by preventingformation of the mitotic spindle. The outcome is to_____________________________ of(in) cancerous cells.
A) prevent chromosomes coiling ready for duplication
B) reinstate the stop/start controls in the cell cycle
C) prevent chromosomes from producing chromatids
D) prevent homologous chromosomes lining up on the metaphaseplate
2. Most of the cell cycle is spent in ________________ during whichtime the cell grows and performs normal functions.
A) interphase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M (mitotic) phase
3. When an organism is described as âhaploidâ this infers that itscells
A) each contain one set of chromosomes
B) each contain half a chromosome
C) each contain two sets of chromosomes
D) each contain an âYâ chromosome
4. During _________________ of meiosis chromatids of homologouschromosomes exchange genetic material.
A) prophase II
B) anaphase I
C) prophase I
D) anaphase II
5. In a cell containing 20 chromosomes the process of meiosis willresult in ___ chromosomes in each cell.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 30
6. Some fungi cells complete mitosis however they do not completecytokinesis. This would result in
A) large nuclei containing many chromatids
B) large cells containing lots of nuclei
C) many cells each containing one nucleus
D) daughter cells identical to the original cell
7. Which of the following statements best describes a karyotype? Apicture showing
A) most pairs of homologous chromosomes including sex chromosomestaken from a skin cell
B) pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from a sperm cell
C) all pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from a skin cell
D) pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from an egg cell
8. Which one of the following occurs during mitosis?
A) Chromosomes are duplicated
B) The cell grows
C) Organelles such as mitochondria are duplicated
D) Chromatids separate
9. The function of meiosis is to generate cells
A) that are identical to the original cell
B) to be used for asexual reproduction
C) to be used in sexual reproduction
D) to be used for tissue repair
10. The general body cells of a Koala bear contain 16 chromosomes.Completion of one cell cycle will result in ______ cell(s) (each)with _____ chromosomes.
A) one; 16
B) two; 32
C) two; 32
D) two; 16

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SAFS 421 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Punnett Square, Plant Breeding, Dna Replication

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