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ACCT 323 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Audit Evidence, Financial Statement, General Ledger

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School
LUC
Department
Accounting
Course
ACCT 323
Professor
Ellen Landgraf

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Document Summary

The auditor should perform the following audit procedures that may identify instances of noncompliance with other laws and regulations that may have a material effect on the financial statements (see paragraph . 06b): (ref: par. a12 . a15: inquiring of management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance about whether the entity is in compliance with such laws and regulations, inspecting correspondence, if any, with the relevant licensing or regulatory authorities (ref: par. If the auditor becomes aware of information concerning an instance of noncompliance or suspected noncompliance with laws and regulations, the auditor should obtain (ref: par. a19 . a20: an understanding of the nature of the act and the circumstances in which it has occurred and, further information to evaluate the possible effect on the financial statements. (ref: par. The distinguishing factor between fraud and error is whether the underlying action that results in the misstatement of the financial statements is intentional or unintentional. (au-c.

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Related Questions

You are an audit accountant and you boss asks you the followingquestions

answer For financial audits, generally accepted governmentauditing standards (GAGAS) incorporate AICPA standards. GAGASprescribe additional requirements for reporting on Laws,Regulations, Reporting on Contracts, and Grants InternalControl

Yes No

No No

No Yes

Yes Yes

When reporting on an entity’s internal control over financialreporting in compliance with generally accepted government auditingstandards, an auditor should issue a written report that includesa

Statement of positive assurance that the results of testsindicate that internal control either can, or cannot, be relied onto reduce control risk to an acceptable level.

Statement of negative assurance that nothing came to theauditor’s attention that caused the auditor to believe significantdeficiencies were present.

Description of the scope of the auditor’s testing of internalcontrol.

Description of the material weaknesses and the strengths thatthe auditor can rely on in reducing the extent of substantivetesting.

Reporting standards for financial audits under GovernmentAuditing Standards differ from reporting standards undergenerally accepted auditing standards in that GovernmentAuditing Standards require the auditor to

Present the results of the auditor’s tests of economy andefficiency regarding the use of the entity’s resources.

Describe the scope of the auditor’s tests of compliance withlaws and regulations.

Provide negative assurance that the auditor discoveredno transactions that were indicative of illegalacts.

Provide positive assurance that the entity’s audit committee isadequately informed about the effects of any illegal acts.

An auditor determines that a client who received a federal grantfraudulently reported information to the federal government. Theclient’s management refuses to acknowledge the fraud. Which of thefollowing parties should the auditor contact first?

The recipients of the client’s services.

The state attorney general’s office.

The agency that provided the grant.

The state accountancy board.

Indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following statements and explain your reasoning:

a) Rejean feels that an internal auditor that reports to the chief financial officer of the company can be as independent as an auditor that reports to the audit committee.

b) Angela discovered a very material overstatement in the financial statements. She felt the misstatement would have an impact on the decisions of users of the financial statements, and indicated to her audit senior that she would be including it as an “emphasis of matter” paragraph in the audit report.

c) An auditor is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

d) An assurance engagement involves evaluation or measurement of subject matter against criteria.

2–31. Simulation
Casa Royale, Inc., a nonpublic company, retained Ying and Company CPA to perform an
audit of the fi nancial statements for the current year. Howard Smythe, the partner in charge of
the audit, drafted the following unmodifi ed report:

To the Management of Casa Royale, Inc.:
We have examined the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Casa Royale, Inc., and
its subsidiaries, as of December 31, 20X1, and the related consolidated statements of income,
retained earnings, and cash fl ows for the years then ended.
Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated
fi nancial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control
relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated fi nancial statements that are
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these fi nancial statements based on our audit. We
conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United
States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated fi nancial statements are free of material
misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures
in the consolidated fi nancial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s
judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated
fi nancial statements, whether due to fraud or illegal acts. In making those risk assessments, the
auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of
the consolidated fi nancial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate
in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting
policies used and the reasonableness of signifi cant accounting estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated fi nancial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is adequate to provide a basis for our audit
opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated fi nancial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the fi nancial position of Casa Royale, Inc., and its subsidiaries as of December 31,
20X1, and the results of their operations and their cash fl ows for the years then ended in accordance
with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America.
Howard Smythe , Partner
Phoenix, Arizona
February 12, 20X2
Reviewer’s Comments
Comment Is
Correct (yes or no)
a. The report should not be addressed to management.
b. The report should indicate that we have “audited,” rather than “examined,”
the fi nancial statements (fi rst paragraph after introduction).
c. The report should not indicate anything concerning management’s
responsibility for internal control.
d. The report should state that the auditors’ responsibility is to express
“reasonable assurance,” not an opinion (fi rst paragraph under “auditor’s”
responsibility).
e. The audit is designed to assess risks of material misstatements due to
errors or fraud; the term “illegal acts” is incorrect (second paragraph
under auditor’s responsibility).
f. The report should not refer to the auditors “evaluating the appropriateness
of accounting policies,” since those are the responsibility of management.
g. The evidence should be suffi cient and appropriate rather than “adequate”
(third paragraph under auditor’s responsibility).

Reviewer’s Comments
Comment Is
Correct (yes or no)
h. The opinion should not include “in all material respects” since the auditors
are providing an opinion on the accuracy of the fi nancial statements
(opinion paragraph).
i. The opinion should be on “accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America,” not on auditing standards (opinion paragraph).
j. The signature on the report should be that of the CPA fi rm, not that of
the partner.