BIOL 1201 Lecture 8: DNA Notes - pdf

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skycamel466

23 Nov 2015

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Genome all genetic information in the cell. Ex: dna replication involves making ______ from dna: protein, dna, rna, rrna. Ex: dna replication occurs in a ________ mechanism: liberal, dispersive, conservative, semi-conservative. Ex: which of the following dna backbones is the complement to 3". Agtcctac: 3" tccaggatg, 3" aggtaatac, 5" tcaggatg, 5" gtaggacct. Ex: which of the following dna backbones is the complement to. 5"cccggttat: 5" gggccaata (would make them parallel, 5" gggaatacc, 5" atagggacc, 5" ataaccggg, sugar and phosphate covalent bond: backbone, the nitrogenous bases are hanging off the backbone, dna deoxyribose, rna ribose. Semi-conservative: start with single parent dna molecule, separate the two backbones, each backbone now provides a template, we know which nucleotide to attach, add the appropriate nucleotides to both backbones, now there are 2 dna replicates. Replication: begins at many origins, strands must separate and unwind. For vast majority of organisms, the information is held within dna. This information is used to make more dna (replication)

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1) What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication? Place the following steps of DNA replication in right chronological order.

1. Primase adds an ribonucleotide primer
2. Initiator proteins bind the origin of replication and helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of double stranded template DNA
3. DNA polymerase III extends by complementary base pairing deoxyribonucleotides to the template strands
4. Ligase phosphodiester bonds the nucleotides to connect okazaki fragments nad connect fragments at the origin and where the "crotches or forks" collide
5. DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces with Deoxyribonucleotides

2) Given the template DNA and primer sequences below, what bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? (The bases should appear in the order that they will be added)

5'-GTCGTCTCCCTTTTTAAAAACCCCCCC-3'
5'-UUUUUAAAAAGGG-3'

3) Given the DNA sequence below, what could be a primer sequence used in its replication?
5'-CGTACGGCCCCAAAATTGCTACTCTGCTG-3'

raspberryleopard304

QUESTION 1. Choose the true statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.

A.Eukaryotic DNA replication involves less protein factors than does prokaryotic DNA replication.

B. Prokaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 5' to 3', while eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 3' to 5'.

C. Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA replication begins at a single origin of replication.

D. Prokaryotic genomes take longer to replicate than eukaryotic genomes.

QUESTION 2. Bacterial cells use DNA replication to:

A. make back-up copies of their genome in case of a mutation.

B. manifest multiple phenotypes at once.

C. copy their genetic material prior to binary fission.

D. build functional proteins.

QUESTION 3. Choose the true statement about the genetic code.

A. A cell's mRNA code is read four nucleotides at a time to specify a single amino acid.

B. The genetic code encodes 64 amino acids, one for each of the 64 corresponding codons.

C. The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying a single amino acid.

D. The genetic code varies widely among organisms, with each having a different set of codons for a corresponding amino acid.

QUESTION 4. Of the following enzymes, which are correctly matched with their function? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all correctly matched statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Helicase, relieves torsion stress as DNA unwinds

B. Ligase, covalently bonds adjacent Okazaki fragments

C. Primase, removes RNA primers

D. DNA polymerase III, builds most of the DNA on the leading and lagging strand

QUESTION 5. Which of the following contributes to DNA replication accuracy? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. The capacity to proofread improves DNA replication accuracy.

B. A slow rate of DNA replication contributes to accuracy.

C. The use of primase improves DNA replication accuracy.

D. DNA replication accuracy is improved thanks to complementary base pairing rules.

Culture of bacteria is having trouble dividing. Choose from the list of genes to show which of them might have a mutation responsible for the following malfunctions. Choose the best gene for each malfunction. All will not be used.

ftsZ
minC
zipA
xerD
DNA pol III
dnaA
TOPOIV

Malfunction 1-Two daughter cells result, but one has two copies of the chromosome concatenated into a big circle.

Malfunction 2-Replication never starts.

Malfunction 3-Cell divides at the poles

Malfunction 4-DNA replication has slowed such that it is not finished with the whole genome by the time cell is trying to septate.

BIOL 1201 Lecture 8: DNA Notes - pdf

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