BIOL 1201 Lecture : Biology Lecture XXI October 21
Document Summary
Humans, chimps, flies, worms, weeds, and many bacteria and viruses. ~1000 housekeeping genes(responsible for things like cellular respiration) Pku is caused by the lack of functional phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is 452 amino acids long and several different mutations have been discovered. One from each parent (46 in each cells) Genes are at set positions on the chromosomes. Located in the cytoplasm, there is no nucleus. There proteins regulate when and where the expression occurs. Ways to regulate: negative feedback | regulate genes. Many proteins end up being enzymes, the enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and the way to control the reaction is to control the synthesis of the protein. Proteins synthesis require atp, therefore it is regulated to save energy. Expression depends on proteins that bind to the dna (transcription factors) Structural genes: the genes for several proteins are linked together to a common. Regulator produces repressor: the repressor is a protein promoter and operator.
