RIU 435 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hemangioendothelioma, Echogenicity
11 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Imaged on transverse plane posterior and to left of fetal stomach. Is involved in several congenital anomalies but rarely affected by isolated hepatic lesions. Enlarges in fetuses with rh- immune disease in response to increased hematopoiesis. Liver tumors, hamartoma, hepatoblastoma uncommon but may be seen. Other tumors seen with sonography include hepatic teratoma, adenoma, or metastasis from neuroblastoma. Most common symptomatic, vascular hepatic tumor of infancy (although rare) May cause non immune hydrops in fetus. Most liver tumors appear as hypoechoic solid masses; cystic components have also been reported as mixed with solid masses. About 5% of benign and malignant liver tumors are calci ed. Liver calci cation may be observed as isolated echogenic focus. If multiple calci cations seen within liver, other organs such as brain and spleen may be affected. May present as total reversal of thoracic and abdominal organs or as partial reversal (mirror image) May develop in two different combinations of organ reversals.
