BIOL 3800 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Adenosine Triphosphate, Phosphodiester Bond, Carboxylic Acid
Document Summary
Atp: adenosine triphosphate; nucleotide, ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphates, 3 high energy bonds; mostly in the 2 phosphodiester bonds and in the 1 phosphoester bond. Proteins: polymer of monomer amino acids bonded together by covalent peptide bonds. Nucleic acids: rna= ribonucleic acids, dna= deoxyribonucleic acids. Cell: work is powered by atp which is made in the mitochondria, chloroplast, and some bacterial membranes. Breaks things down in cytosol, lysosomes, peroxisomes. Has cytoskeletal structures that provide a matrix for movement: signal transduction(relay messages, cells grow and divide (mitosis and meiosis, cells die: energy required for apoptosis. Are not interconvertible without breaking covalent bonds. Do not have similar effects in reactions. Carbon at alpha position is bonded to. Amino acids can be categorized into four groups: hydrophobic non polar, hydrophilic polar, special sulfur for disulfide bonds. Amino acids can be methylated, hydroxylated, phosphorylated, glycosylated, carboxylated. Homomeric gap junctions: protein folding done by chaperones. Carbohydrates: monomer monosaccharides (5 or 6 carbon/rings/chains, disaccharides.
