BIOL 2300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Quorum Sensing, Chromosome, Genomics

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chocolatezebra953

8 Sep 2016

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Chapter 7/8: microbial genetics: functional unit: gene, study of transfer of genes: genetics, study of dna: genomics. Flow of genetic information: vertical gene transfer: reproduction. Rna to protein: translation: horizontal gene transfer: transfer of genes between cells of the same generation. Dna: deoxyribonucleic acid: polymer of nucleotides, bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, sugar: deoxyribose, two component strands: 3 hydrogen bonds: bacterial dna: circular. Rna: ribonucleic acid: polymer of nucleotides, bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, sugar: ribose, three different types: mrna, rrna, trna, rna is an intermediate step from transcription to translation of dna to a protein. Two strands in bacterial transcription: (-) strand: template for rna synthesis resulting rna molecule is complementary to this strand, (+) strand: complementary to the (-) strand. Nucleotide sequence of the rna molecule is the same. Stops when it reaches terminator sequence: translation: 3 nucleotides for 1 amino acid trna contain specific amino acids and anticodons.

Related Questions

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

1. What recent research has indicated that studying Down Syndrome may hold a key to cancer growth and slowing tumor growth? In your answer be sure to mention the DSCR1 gene, angiogenesis suppression, and why individuals with Downâs Syndrome rarely have solid tumor growth. 2. Select your favorite chromosome and list the following: Three disorders that are found on this chromosome, Indicate the type of disorder (dominant, recessive) and the type of numerical or structural aberration. 3. Assume that crossing over does not occur in the region of each chromosome that is associated with the centromere. You have 46 centromeric regions in each cell, 23 that are copies of the DNA in your motherâs egg and 23 that are copies of the DNA fatherâs sperm. a. For any given gamete, what is the probability that all the centromeric regions will be copies of the same ones that you received from your mother? b. It has been estimated that the average person is heterozygous for at least 2,000 protein forming genes. How many different kinds of gametes is it theoretically possible for each person to produce? c. Considering the maternal and paternal origin of the centromeric regions alone, how many different kinds of gametes can you produce? 4. Find a current article on Telomerase (within the last year). Summarize the article and answer the following: What is telomerase? Why is it viewed as the fountain of youth? Attach the abstract or the first page. 5. Promiscuous Sun Flower has five lovers, but she has decided that the only true father of her child can have her hand in marriage. Sunâs Blood type is A- her five suitors blood types are as follows: a. Maury AB+ b. Elmer O+ c. Willie A- d. Jiggs B- e. Cousin it B+ 6. What is the epigenome. Explain why the study of the epigenome may not follow normal Mendelian genetics 7. Explain what is meant by the statement âWomen are just as hemizygous as menâ. 8. After having 10 children you remarryâ¦â¦ What is the probability of you now having a boy and then a girl, and then a girl, and then a boy, and then a boy or a girl, and then a girl? You now have 16 childrenâ¦â¦ 9. The genetic code has four codons for the amino acid Valine (GUG, GUC, GUU, GUA). Organisms have evolved to use some codes more than other codes. Which of the valine codes would you expect to be preferentially used in the genome of an algae growing in a hot spring at Yellowstone Park? EXPLAIN your answer 10. You discovered a new virus that needs to be studied. You begin by digesting the virus with protease (an enzyme that completely digests all proteins) until only amino acids remain. You then determine that the base composition of the viral nucleic acid is 38% Cytosine, 35% Glycine, 15% Thymine, and 12 % Adenine. To which class could this virus belong? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER a. Single-stranded RNA Virus b. Double-stranded RNA Virus c. Single-stranded DNA Virus d. Double=stranded DNA Virus e. None of the above because there is not enough information given to make a guess. 11. Adenine is found in numerous biological molecules (for example, DNA, RNA, NADH, ATP). You are now asked to explain the evolution of adenine and at least 5 of these biological (Adenine containing) molecules and how they may have evolved (the order).

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BIOL 2300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Quorum Sensing, Chromosome, Genomics

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