MGMT 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Malum Prohibitum, Affidavit, Populism
Private Law
regulates relationships between individuals other than the state and is used to resolve disputes between
kblume
Criminal Justice Administration
actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government's
power to impose punishments
crime
offenses that are wrong by their very nature
mala in se
offenses prohibited by law but not necessarily wrong in themselves
mala prohibita
policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are
most useful and cost-effective for advancing desired goals
evidence-based practices
a system of government in which power is divided between a central (national) government and
regional (state) governments
federalism
a mutual transfer of resources; a balance of benefits and deficits that flow from behavior based on
decisions about the values and costs of alternative courses of action
exchange
a defendant's plea of guilty to a criminal charge with the reasonable expectation of receiving some
consideration from the state for doing so, usually a reduction of the charge. The defendant;s ultimate
goal is a penalty lighter than the one formally warranted by the charged offense
plea bargain
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the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own
judgement; allows for individualization and informality in the administration of justice
discretion
a screening operation; a process by which criminal justice officials screen out some cases while
advancing others to the next level of decision making
filtering process
a system consisting of a separate judicial system for each state in addition to a national system for each
state in addition to a national system. Each case is tried in a court of the same jurisdiction as that of the
law or laws broken
dual court system
the process of determining whether the defendant is guilty
adjudication
the physical taking of a person into custody on the grounds that there is reason to believe that he or she
has committed a criminal offense. Police are limited to using only reasonable physical force in making an
arrest. The purpose of the arrest is to hold the accused for a court proceeding
arrest
a court order authorizing police officers to take certain actions - for example, to arrest suspects or to
search premises
warrant
a document charging an individual with a specific crime. It is prepared by a prosecuting attorney and
presented to a court at preliminary hearing
information
a document returned by a grand jury as a "true bill" charging an individual with a specific crime basis of
a determination of probably cause as presented by a prosecuting attorney
indictment
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serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of death or of incarceration for more than one year
felonies
offenses less serious than felonies and usually punishable by incarceration of no more than one year in
jail, or by probation or intermediate sanctions
misdemeanors
a model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom for the public to live without fear is so
important that every effort must be made to repress crime; it emphasizes efficiency, speed, finality, and
the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of offenders
crime control model
a model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom for individuals who are wrongly accused
and risk unjust punishment is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal
justice decisions are based on reliable information; it emphasizes the adversarial process, the rights of
defendants, and formal decision-making procedures
due process model
a difference between groups that may be explained either by legitimate factors or by discrimination
disparity
differential treatment of individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or
economic status, instead of on their behavior or qualifications
discrimination
an offense against persons or property, committed primarily by members of the lower class. Often
referred to as street crime or ordinary crime. Type of offense that is more upsetting to the public
visible crime
criminal offenses committed through opportunities creating in a legal business or occupation
occupational crimes
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Document Summary
Private law regulates relationships between individuals other than the state and is used to resolve disputes between kblume. Police are limited to using only reasonable physical force in making an arrest. Often referred to as street crime or ordinary crime. A reporting sustem in which the police describe each offense in a crime incident, together with data describing the offender, victim, and property. Interview of samples of the u. s. population conducted by the bureau of justice statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimizations and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime. Bill of rights the act of exposing oneself to prosecution by being pressured to respond to questions when the answers may reveal that one has committed a crime. Fbi special agents preservice training required for sworn officers in many states, which includes coursework in law, psychology, police procedures, and the use of weapons.
