PSYC 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Twin Study, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Egosyntonic And Egodystonic
28 Jun 2018
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Statistical def: Whatever is rare, infrequent
Social def: whatever society does not tolerate
In disorders, the person's subjective experience matters - achieving goals, getting through life,
interacting with people
Personality disorder - enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from the
expectations of the individuals culture
Personality disorders may represent combinations of extreme levels of certain personality traits
Negative Affectivity - High Neuroticism
Detachment - Low extraversion
Antagonism - low agreeableness
Disinhibition - low conscientiousness
Personality Disorders Criteria
Significant impairments in functioning
oIntrapersonal (ID, self-direction) - my sense of who I am, my identity, my agency
in life
oInterpersonal (empathy, intimacy) - there are implications in interactions with
other people
Pattern of dysfunction is
oEnduring (long lasting) - emerge late adolescence or early adulthood
oNot due to developmental stage/environment
oNot solely due to psychoactive conditions/medical conditions
3 Ps - Persistent, Pervasive, Pathological
DSM - used for diagnosing mental disorders
DSM 4 had a categorical view
oOne either had a disorder or did not
oQualitative break between people who have disorders or not
Dimensional view
oEach disorder is seen as a continuum. People differ in degree only
oMost people lie in the middle of the distribution and only the people at the
extremes become a problem to themselves and others
oAllows for a person to have multiple disorders
Trauma - mismatch between outward persona and inward experiences
Personality disorder - not diagnosed before age 18 because of all the changes that occur
Men exhibit more externalizing problems such as vandalism and fighting and women exhibit more
internalizing symptoms such as depression and self harm
Borderline Personality Disorder (Back from the Edge video)
Emotional instability, behavioral instability, and interpersonal instability
Experience emotions more severely
Proneness to self harm
Very dependent and clingy, and then rapidly enraged and rejecting
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Treatment:
DBT - Trying to implement some change by recognizing that you have certain reactions
and perceptions to events and learn to acknowledge them
oTrying to change something while accepting it is what it is
Family interventions and group therapy
Icecube - holding an ice cube to curb the feeling of wanting to self harm, is painful but
less maladaptive than cutting oneself
Clinical Features of PDs:
Cluster A - Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B - Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Borderline
Cluster C - Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Cluster A (Eccentric):
Person appears odd, eccentric, does not get along well with others
oParanoid -
Distrustful of others - particularly the idea that I cannot trust others'
intentions
Misinterpretation of events as personal threats, evidence that others
are out to get you
Jealous - stemming from distrust
General hostility
Not delusional
oSchizoid -
Detachment from social relations (intentional); restricted emotional
expression
Hallmark - emotional flatness - disconnected, indifferent
Introverted, solitary, and isolated
This does not bother them
May fear intimacy
Lack of typical social emotions
No hallucinations or delusions - no cognitive or perceptual distortions
oSchizotypal -
Acute interpersonal discomfort, cognitive distortions (interpreting
things that might not be real), behavioral eccentricities
Cluster of idiosyncrasies
Suspicious of others
May have odd or inappropriate physical appearance and personal
hygiene
Three levels of Schizotypy -
First degree relatives of schizophrenics - first degree relative of
somebody with SCZ have a higher level of being diagnosed with Schizotypal
PD than others
Individuals who meet criteria for Schizotypal PD - more on the
mild to moderate side, there is distress and impairment but not with as
intense as someone genetically related to someone with SCZ
Individuals who score high on schizotypy scales - general
tendencies that look mildly like Schizotypal that seem like it could
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
In disorders, the person"s subjective experience matters - achieving goals, getting through life, interacting with people. Personality disorder - enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from the expectations of the individuals culture. Personality disorders may represent combinations of extreme levels of certain personality traits. Significant impairments in functioning o in life o. Intrapersonal (id, self-direction) - my sense of who i am, my identity, my agency. Interpersonal (empathy, intimacy) - there are implications in interactions with other people. Enduring (long lasting) - emerge late adolescence or early adulthood. Dsm 4 had a categorical view o o. One either had a disorder or did not. Qualitative break between people who have disorders or not. Most people lie in the middle of the distribution and only the people at the extremes become a problem to themselves and others. Allows for a person to have multiple disorders o. Trauma - mismatch between outward persona and inward experiences.
