PSYC 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Middle Age, Casual Sex, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
28 Jun 2018
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Sex - anatomy of an individual's reproductive system
Gender - social interpretations of what it means to be a man or woman
History:
Not a lot of attention given to sex differences
Mostly males used for studies
Maccoby and Jacklyn - identified sex differences in various areas such as verbal quality
mathematical ability, etc. In personality - men more aggressive than women
Metaanalysis (summarizing the findings of large numbers of individual studies) used estimate
the difference
Effect Size (d)
Difference in standard deviation units
Positive scores indicate men score higher than women
Negative scores indicate women score higher than men
oThose who describe sex differences as small and inconsequential - minimalist position
Emphasize that the small differences overlap between men and women
Small difference doesn't have practical significance
oThose who argue that sex differences are comparable to the magnitude of many other
effects in psychology - Maximalist
There are differences of different magnitude and they all hold practical
importance
Sex differences in the Big Five
Extraversion: d = 0.15 - small effect size but shows that men are more extraverted than women
oAssertiveness: d = 0.50
Men might, over time, get more comfortable leading conversations, showing
dominance, whereas, women over time will get more comfortable with obeying and
not voicing their opinions
Neuroticism: d = -0.49
oImpulsivity: d = 0.06
oAnxiety: d = -0.28
Openness: d's -0.05 to -0.07
Agreeableness
oTrust: d = -0.25
oTender-mindedness: d = -0.97
Behavioral manifestation of smiling - shown by women more - d = -0.60
oPhysical aggression (moderate to large effect size) - positive with men scoring higher.
Sex differences in violent crimes peaks in teens/early adulthood
Conscientiousness (Order): d = -0.13
Self Esteem & Depression
Self Esteem across ages: d = 0.21 for SE
oLargest effect size: adolescence and it is more pronounced among women
Depression
oNo sex differences in childhood
oAfter puberty - we start seeing a difference where women score higher
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Document Summary
Sex - anatomy of an individual"s reproductive system. Gender - social interpretations of what it means to be a man or woman. Not a lot of attention given to sex differences. Maccoby and jacklyn - identified sex differences in various areas such as verbal quality mathematical ability, etc. In personality - men more aggressive than women. Metaanalysis (summarizing the findings of large numbers of individual studies) used estimate the difference. Positive scores indicate men score higher than women. Negative scores indicate women score higher than men o. Those who describe sex differences as small and inconsequential - minimalist position. Emphasize that the small differences overlap between men and women. Those who argue that sex differences are comparable to the magnitude of many other effects in psychology - maximalist. There are differences of different magnitude and they all hold practical importance.
