PSYC 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Unconditional Positive Regard, Person-Centered Therapy, Apperception
28 Jun 2018
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Motives are internal states that arose and direct behavior toward specific objects or goals. Motives are
based on the lack of something that drives us to seek something. When we satisfy this need, the tension
reduces. FIGURE 11.1
Motive psychologists stress that:
1. People differ in the type and strength of their motives
2. These differences are measurable
3. These differences cause or are associated with important life outcomes
4. Differences among people are stable over time
5. Motives provide one answer for - why do people do what they do
Murray's Theory of Needs
Early neoanalytic
Psychoanalytic influence from Jung
Very interested in unconscious needs
oNeed = readiness to respond in a certain way under certain circumstances (in tb, focus
on needs and motives in relation to psychoanalytic drives and how it is important in
motivating ppl)
Organizes perception & action - if you're hungry, clouds look like food, grocery
shopping when hungry
oSatisfaction gained by reducing tension - meeting a certain need will lead to a hedonistic
pleasure
Familiar to Hebbs optimal arousal - people seek out tension and arousal to have
the pleasure of reducing it
Watching a scary moving gives tension and increases arousal and people reduce
this tension and gain satisfaction when the movie ends
oFundamental human needs are composed of a desire, an emotional state, and an action
tendency to achieve the need
Need for affiliation - desire to be have associations with people, emotional state
of interpersonal warmth, cooperativeness, and action tendencies such as accepting
people, spending time with them, shows traits of agreeableness, friendliness
oEveryone has a unique hierarchy of needs
People have different degrees of each need and they all interact in a dynamic
manner
Does not get much attention is because he said everybody has different
hierarchy of needs
oComes from the idea of mutual influence
When we have different motives and needs interacting, they affect how they'll
be pursued or expressed
Dominance and affiliation -
People high in dominance, low in affiliation - aggressive (more
important that you follow me)
People low in dominance, high in affiliation - passive (play by
rules, more important that you like me)
People high in dominance, high in affiliation - soft power
(important that you do what I want you to do but I will listen to your
opinions and can convince you and win you over to my side)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Motives are internal states that arose and direct behavior toward specific objects or goals. Motives are based on the lack of something that drives us to seek something. When we satisfy this need, the tension reduces. People differ in the type and strength of their motives. These differences cause or are associated with important life outcomes. Motives provide one answer for - why do people do what they do. Very interested in unconscious needs: need = readiness to respond in a certain way under certain circumstances (in tb, focus on needs and motives in relation to psychoanalytic drives and how it is important in motivating ppl) Organizes perception & action - if you"re hungry, clouds look like food, grocery shopping when hungry o. Satisfaction gained by reducing tension - meeting a certain need will lead to a hedonistic pleasure. Familiar to hebbs optimal arousal - people seek out tension and arousal to have the pleasure of reducing it.
